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Enterprises should bear the main responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions. Disclosing carbon emission information is one of the important ways for enterprises to deal with climate change. Taking China’s A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2018 as the research sample, we study the impact of external explicit institutional pressure and implicit institutional pressure on corporate carbon information disclosure and analyze the mediating effect of enterprise peer influence in carbon disclosure. The empirical results show that external institutional pressure, namely environmental regulation and Confucian culture, has a significant positive impact on enterprise carbon information disclosure. Enterprise peer influence has a certain mediating effect between external institutional pressure and carbon information disclosure. The government should formulate and improve the carbon information disclosure institution and strengthen external supervision through the joint participation of all sectors of society.

\"New from bestselling author Joseph Michelli! How Airbnb has disrupted the hospitality industry for unparalleled success-critical lessons that apply to any 21st Century business. No one understands better than Joseph Michelli how businesses create and leverage world-class customer experiences. Over the past decade, Michelli has guided businesses in human experience transformation and revealed how Starbucks, Zappos, Mercedes, and other top companies design and execute the strategies that made them the undisputed leaders of their industries. Now, Michelli turns his attention to major disrupter, Airbnb. In The Airbnb Experience, he shows how innovative leaders have managed to build an unique brand by inspiring and engaging a community of hospitality entrepreneurs-a feat unparalleled in the shared economy. Inside, you'll find: Airbnb's strategies and practices that drive customer engagement and loyalty, how to provide phenomenal customer service in the shared economy, proven principles for getting the most from all stakeholders-including those who share resources and services, exclusive interviews with Airbnb leaders, hosts, and guests that provide invaluable information for your business. The shared economy is the future, but it introduces business challenges never before faced: how do you serve a broad range of customers across varying geographies through a distributed network of 'partners'? Airbnb has solved the puzzle, and Michelli shows you all the pieces-and how they fit together\"-- Provided by publisher.

Adolescence is a period of heightened susceptibility to peer influences, and deviant peer affiliation has well-established implications for the development of psychopathology. However, little is known about the role of brain functions in pathways connecting peer contexts and health risk behaviors. We tested developmental cascade models to evaluate contributions of adolescent risk taking, peer influences, and neurobehavioral variables of risk processing and cognitive control to substance use among 167 adolescents who were assessed annually for four years. Risk taking at Time 1 was related to substance use at Time 4 indirectly through peer substance use at Time 2 and insular activation during risk processing at Time 3. Furthermore, neural cognitive control moderated these effects. Greater insular activation during risk processing was related to higher substance use for those with greater medial prefrontal cortex activation during cognitive control, but it was related to lower substance use among those with lower medial prefrontal cortex activation during cognitive control. Neural processes related to risk processing and cognitive control play a crucial role in the processes linking risk taking, peer substance use, and adolescents’ own substance use.

Background Bullying is the intentional, repeated and prolonged aggressive behavior towards victim(s) who feel powerless to defend themselves. It could influence adolescents’ mental health. Some adolescents possess coping skills which enable them to overcome such adversities. The present study assessed the association between bullying, sense of coherence (SOC), resistance to peer influence (RPI) and oral health in Egyptian adolescents. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey that included 12–16 year old adolescents attending 6 schools in Damanhour, Egypt was conducted from March to December 2023. Data were collected through clinical examination and self-administered questionnaires. Clinical examination assessed dental caries (DMFT), oral hygiene (plaque index) and gingival condition (gingival index). Toothbrushing frequency and sugar consumption were assessed by (World Health Organization-child form), bullying (Revised Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire), SOC (Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form) and RPI (Resistance to Peer Influence Questionnaire). The independent variables were bullying, SOC and RPI. The dependent variables were untreated caries, gingival inflammation and toothbrushing frequency. Multivariable multilevel regression assessed the relationship between the independent and dependent variables after adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted regression coefficients (B), adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Effect modifications by SOC and RPI were evaluated. Results The response rate was 95.25% ( N  = 602), mean (SD) age was 14.01 (1.15). Half of the students (49.83%) were girls. About 42% had untreated caries, only 15.78% brushed their teeth twice daily and the mean (SD) gingival index was 1.57 (0.40). About 25% were victims, (9.30%) bullies and (18.60%) bully-victims. Victims showed significantly lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing (AOR = 0.52, p  = 0.04). Bullies and bully-victims showed non-significantly higher odds of untreated caries (AOR = 1.42, p  = 0.25), (AOR = 1.21, p  = 0.42), respectively. Bullying was not associated with gingival inflammation. Higher SOC and RPI mitigated the impact of bullying on untreated caries and toothbrushing frequency. Conclusion Bullying was associated with higher odds of untreated caries and lower odds of twice daily toothbrushing in Egyptian adolescents. Higher SOC and RPI alleviated this relationship, highlighting the importance of individual coping strategies to oral health.

Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, this study examines the association between high school socioeconomic segregation and student attainment outcomes and the mechanisms that mediate those relationships. The results show that socioeconomic segregation has a strong association with high school graduation and college enrollment. Controlling for an array of student and school factors, students who attend high socioeconomic composition (SEC) schools are 68% more likely to enroll at a 4-year college than students who attend low SEC schools. Two mediating mechanisms were examined, including socioeconomic-based peer influences and school effects. The results indicate the association between SEC and attainment is due more to peer influences, which tend to be negative in the low SEC setting. However, school practices that emphasize academics also play a major role, particularly in mediating the relationship between SEC and 4-year college enrollment. These findings suggest that integrating schools is likely necessary to fully addressing the negative consequences of attending a low SEC school.

Understanding the predictors of the onset and maintenance of substance use in adolescence is important because it is a recognized health risk. The present longitudinal study examined whether negative peer influence and peer connectedness predicted changes in adolescent alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and other illegal drug use, and reciprocally whether substance use predicted changes in peer relationships. Adolescents (N = 1940; 52 % female; 52 % European New Zealanders, 30 % Maori, 12 % Pacific Islander) aged 10–15 years completed measures annually for 3 years. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine bi-directional effects. Negative peer influence predicted increased use of all substances. In turn, alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use predicted increased negative peer influence, but this effect was inconsistent over time. Peer connectedness, predicted to diminish the frequency of substance use, was found to be unrelated to it. Breaking the reciprocal cycle between peer coercion and substance use would seem to be useful for reducing substance use.

Collaboration with peers both inside and outside the classroom can be an invaluable tool for helping students learn physics. We investigated the impact of peer collaboration on learning physics by examining the characteristics of women and men who typically worked alone versus those who typically collaborated with peers in their algebra-based introductory physics course when they took the course before and during the COVID-19 pandemic when the classes were on Zoom. Our findings indicate that, on average, students who worked with peers had higher grades and reported greater peer influence on their physics self-efficacy during the pandemic compared to those who worked alone. We also observed that, for both women and men, a larger percentage of students typically worked in groups before the pandemic, while a greater percentage typically worked alone during the pandemic. We discuss these results in relation to students’ prior academic preparation, physics grades, self-efficacy and their perception of the effectiveness of peer collaboration on their physics self-efficacy.

Conduct problem is an ongoing concern among youth placed in group homes. The concern could sometimes become more challenging due to negative peer influences. The risks associated with negatively influential peers are well-known across diverse residential treatment contexts in the USA, but not in Canada. This 3-year retrospective cohort study observed the influence of positive and negative peers on conduct problems among 173 youths in Ontario group home care between 2012 and 2016 (initial participation rate = 90.0% and follow-up rate = 95.1%). Having previously observed that group home resources matter (Osei in Peer influences on antisocial and prosocial behaviors in group home foster care: Evidence of greater protections in better resourced homes and higher income neighborhoods, Doctoral thesis, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 2019, https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7727/), here it was hypothesized that neighborhood income also matters. Specifically, that neighborhood income would moderate peer influences such that low-income neighborhoods would be relatively risky places, while higher-income neighborhoods would be relatively protective places. Positive and negative peer influences were, respectively, protective and risky, but the main effect of neighborhood income was null. As hypothesized, a significant negative peer influence by neighborhood income interaction was also observed. Higher income neighborhoods attenuated the negative peer influence-youth conduct problem association. Negative peers were less risky in higher income neighborhoods. The main protective influence of positive peers was robust across socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods. Clinical, policy and future research implications are discussed.

This study tested the hypothesis that positive expectancies (i.e., the belief that gaming will be rewarding) and avoidance expectancies (i.e., the belief that gaming will relieve stress) would mediate the impact of peer social influence on problematic internet gaming behavior. Internet game players (n = 120) accessed the link to the study through the psychology department research pool website as well as through Reddit gaming threads. After providing informed consent and demographic information, participants completed the remaining measures in a randomized order. Social influence was measured using the Peer Influence for Internet Gaming Addiction (IGA) scale which assessed approval of gaming, perceived frequency of gaming, and invitations to play. The Game-Use Expectancies scale assessed positive and avoidance expectancies of online gaming. Problematic internet gaming behavior was assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder Test-20 (IGDT). Participants played internet games at least once per week and had an average IGDT score of 43.1 (SD = 10.42; Median = 44) with scores ranging from 21 to 68. None of our participants met criteria for IGD. Mediation was tested using Hayes (2022) PROCESS Macro model 4. Stronger peer influence and stronger expectations of relief (i.e., avoidance expectancies) were associated with higher IGDT scores. Moreover, stronger peer influence was associated with more positive outcome expectancies. Neither positive nor avoidance expectancies mediated the association between peer influence and IGDT score. Our results indicate that avoidance, as opposed to positive, expectancies are important predictors of problematic internet gaming behavior.