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"Pegasus (Spyware)"
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Pegasus : how a spy in your pocket threatens the end of privacy, dignity, and democracy
\"Pegasus is widely regarded as the most effective and sought-after cyber-surveillance system on the market. The system's creator, the NSO Group, a private corporation headquartered in Israel, is not shy about proclaiming its ability to thwart terrorists and criminals. \"Thousands of people in Europe owe their lives to hundreds of our company employees,\" NSO's cofounder declared in 2019. This bold assertion may be true, at least in part, but it's by no means the whole story. NSO's Pegasus system has not been limited to catching bad guys. It's also been used to spy on hundreds, and maybe thousands, of innocent people around the world: heads of state, diplomats, human rights defenders, political opponents, and journalists. This spyware is as insidious as it is invasive, capable of infecting a private cell phone without alerting the owner, and of doing its work in the background, in silence, virtually undetectable. Pegasus can track a person's daily movement in real time, gain control of the device's microphones and cameras at will, and capture all videos, photos, emails, texts, and passwords-encrypted or not. This data can be exfiltrated, stored on outside servers, and then leveraged to blackmail, intimidate, and silence the victims. Its full reach is not yet known. \"If they've found a way to hack one iPhone,\" says Edward Snowden, \"they've found a way to hack all iPhones.\" Pegasus is a look inside the monthslong worldwide investigation, triggered by a single spectacular leak of data, and a look at how an international consortium of reporters and editors revealed that cyber intrusion and cyber surveillance are happening with exponentially increasing frequency across the globe, at a scale that astounds. Meticulously reported and masterfully written, Pegasus shines a light on the lives that have been turned upside down by this unprecedented threat and exposes the chilling new ways authoritarian regimes are eroding key pillars of democracy: privacy, freedom of the press, and freedom of speech\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Emerging trends: Risks 3.0 and proliferation of spyware to 50,000 cell phones
Our last emerging trend article introduced Risks 1.0 (fairness and bias) and Risks 2.0 (addictive, dangerous, deadly, and insanely profitable). This article introduces Risks 3.0 (spyware and cyber weapons). Risks 3.0 are less profitable, but more destructive. We will summarize two recent books, Pegasus: How a Spy in Your Pocket Threatens the End of Privacy, Dignity, and Democracy and This is How They Tell Me the World Ends: The Cyberweapons Arms Race. The first book starts with a leak of 50,000 phone numbers, targeted by spyware named Pegasus. Pegasus uses a zero-click exploit to obtain root access to your phone, taking control of the microphone, camera, GPS, text messages, etc. The list of 50,000 numbers includes journalists, politicians, and academics, as well as their friends and family. Some of these people have been murdered. The second book describes the history of cyber weapons such as Stuxnet, which is described as crossing the Rubicon. In the short term, it sets back Iran’s nuclear program for less than the cost of conventional weapons, but it did not take long for Iran to build the fourth-biggest cyber army in the world. As spyware continues to proliferate, we envision a future dystopia where everyone spies on everyone. Nothing will be safe from hacking: not your identity, or your secrets, or your passwords, or your bank accounts. When the endpoints (phones) have been compromised, technologies such as end-to-end encryption and multi-factor authentication offer a false sense of security; encryption and authentication are as pointless as closing the proverbial barn door after the fact. To address Risks 3.0, journalists are using the tools of their trade to raise awareness in the court of public opinion. We should do what we can to support them. This paper is a small step in that direction.
Journal Article
Pegasus Project: Re-Questioning the Legality of the Cyber-Surveillance Mechanism
States have recently indulged in purchasing surveillance spyware such as Pegasus from big corporations such as the NSO Group to track the activities of its people to curb dissidents. Unfortunately, such incidences are not new in the international domain. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the legality of such spyware used by the states with the assistance of foreign corporates under the international framework. In view of the same, the paper while majorly focusing on the significance of right to privacy, traces the standing limitations in the legal mechanism and tries to propose a shared responsibility regime for states and surveillance companies indulging in human rights violations by drawing parallels with the ICoCA mechanism.
Journal Article