Explore the vast range of titles available.

The prevalence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) arising from adenocarcinoma (AC) upon potent androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibition is increasing. Deeper understanding of NEPC biology and development of novel therapeutic agents are needed. However, research is hindered by the paucity of research models, especially cell lines developed from NEPC patients. We established a novel NEPC cell line, KUCaP13, from tissue of a patient initially diagnosed with AC which later recurred as NEPC. The cell line has been maintained permanently in vitro under regular cell culture conditions and is amenable to gene engineering with lentivirus. KUCaP13 cells lack the expression of AR and overexpress NEPC‐associated genes, including SOX2, EZH2, AURKA, PEG10, POU3F2, ENO2, and FOXA2. Importantly, the cell line maintains the homozygous deletion of CHD1, which was confirmed in the primary AC of the index patient. Loss of heterozygosity of TP53 and PTEN, and an allelic loss of RB1 with a transcriptomic signature compatible with Rb pathway aberration were revealed. Knockdown of PEG10 using shRNA significantly suppressed growth in vivo. Introduction of luciferase allowed serial monitoring of cells implanted orthotopically or in the renal subcapsule. Although H3K27me was reduced by EZH2 inhibition, reversion to AC was not observed. KUCaP13 is the first patient‐derived, treatment‐related NEPC cell line with triple loss of tumor suppressors critical for NEPC development through lineage plasticity. It could be valuable in research to deepen the understanding of NEPC. In this study, we report the establishment of a novel patient‐derived xenograft model of t‐NEPC and the successful establishment of the KUCaP13 cell line. The cell line can be maintained permanently in vitro under regular cell culture conditions and is amenable to gene engineering. The cell line should be a valuable tool for research to identify novel therapeutic targets of NEPC and to develop effective therapeutic agents.

While penile metastases are rare, PET/CT has facilitated their detection. We aimed to describe penile secondary lesions (PSL) identified by PET/CT. We reviewed 18F-FDG and Ga68-PSMA PET/CT records performed in a single center during May 2012-March 2020, for PSL. Of 16,774 18F-FDG and 1,963 Ga68-PSMA-PET scans, PSL were found in 24(0.13%) men with a mean age of 74. PSMA detected PSL in 12 with prostate cancer; FDG identified PSL in 4 with lymphoma, 3 with colorectal cancer, 2 with lung cancer, and one each with bladder cancer, pelvic sarcoma, and leukemia. Mean SUVmax of PSL was 7.9 ± 4.2 with focal uptake in 13(54%). Mean lesion size was 16.5 ± 6.8 mm; 8 at the penile root, 4 along the shaft, and 1 at the glans. CT detected loss of the penile texture in 15(63%). PSL were observed only during relapse or follow-up of disseminated disease. Among those with prostate cancer, PSA varied widely. Fifteen (62.5%) died, at a mean 13.3 ± 15.9 months following PSL demonstration, nine had non-prostate malignancies. PET/CT identified and characterized PSL in a fraction of cancer patients, most commonly those with prostate cancer. PSL universally surfaced in advanced disease, and signaled high mortality, especially in non-prostate cancers.

A 47-year old man presented with numerous pigmented lesions on the nail beds, penis, and oral mucosa. Biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of mucosal and ungual melanoma metastases.

Metastasis to the penis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or any other primary cancer site is unusual; when it does occur, it often involves multiple organs. A 75-year-old man presented with penile pain and swelling. Three months earlier, he had open radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy and was diagnosed with clear-cell RCC with tumor thrombosis in the inferior vena cava. The follow-up imaging indicated metastasis to the penis, prompting a total penectomy due to worsening pain. The excised mass displayed features consistent with metastatic RCC. This case underscores the need to consider rare metastatic sites, such as the metastasis of RCC to the penis, in RCC patients.

Rectal cancer metastasising to the penis is an exceptionally rare clinical entity, with less than 80 reported cases. Metastasis to the penis is typically identified in conjunction with widespread metastatic disease and as such is usually associated with a very poor prognosis. We report a case of a man who presented with a metastatic deposit in his penis 15 years after the initial diagnosis of rectal cancer. The patient was initially managed with radical penectomy and perineal urethrostomy formation. This was followed by FOLFIRI chemotherapy regimen when further nodules were identified in his lungs on postoperative imaging. At 20months’ follow-up, the patient remains alive and disease-free.

Objectives To assess the efficacy and tolerability of cabazitaxel in relapsed penile cancer. Methods This Phase II single-arm trial was designed to recruit 17 patients with relapsed penile cancer. The primary endpoint was objective (complete + partial) response rate (ORR; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours [RECIST] v1.1). Treatment comprised six 21-day cycles of cabazitaxel with restaging after cycles 2 and 4. The planned interim analysis was based upon the premise that if none of the first nine patients achieved ORR, trial would be stopped (α = 0.05, Simon’s 2-stage design). Results Nine patients were recruited from four UK centres between December 2014 and August 2016. The median age was 61 (range, 27–73.6) years, and seven patients had metastases. Patients received a median of two chemotherapy cycles (range, 2–5). None of the nine patients achieved ORR and the trial was stopped. Cabazitaxel was well tolerated with no dose reductions or delays. Three patients had grade 3/4 adverse events (anaemia, vomiting, or neutropenic sepsis). The median progression-free and overall survival were 1.3 and 5.6 months, respectively. Conclusions The trial did not reach the threshold for further continuation of single-agent cabazitaxel. However, the observed tolerability profile supports its further investigation in combination with other agents to improve patient outcomes.

Purpose Lymphadenectomy (LND) is part of the surgical management of penile cancer but causes significant perioperative morbidity. We determined whether sarcopenia, a novel marker of nutritional status, is a predictor of postoperative complications after LND. Materials and methods Seventy-nine patients underwent LND for penile cancer from 1999 to 2014, and 43 had available preoperative abdominal imaging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated on axial computed tomography images at the third lumbar vertebrae, and an SMI of 55 cm 2 /m 2 was used to classify patients as sarcopenic versus not. This classification was then correlated with postoperative complications and survival. Results Median lumbar SMI was 54.7 cm 2 /m 2 with 22 (51.2 %) patients categorized as sarcopenic versus 21 (48.8 %) who were not. Twenty-seven postoperative complications occurred in 20 patients within 30 days, of which 11 (40.7 %) were major (Clavien score ≥IIIa) and 16 (59.3 %) were minor. The most common complications were wound dehiscence (25.9 %), wound infection (18.5 %), lymphocele (18.5 %), and flap necrosis (14.8 %). On univariate analysis, the presence of sarcopenia, nodal disease, and lymphovascular invasion were predictors of postoperative complications. On multivariate analysis, only sarcopenia was an independent predictor of 30-day complications [ p  = 0.038; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.1–21.1]. Although sarcopenia was not statistically associated with worse overall survival (OS), there was a trend toward poorer outcomes in these patients. Conclusions Sarcopenia can be a useful prognostic tool to predict the likelihood of postoperative complications after LND for penile cancer. Preoperative nutritional supplementation may help reduce complication rates in the future.

Penile metastases from prostate cancer (PC) are rarely reported in the literature. Most commonly diagnosed due to presentation with malignant priapism and other urinary symptoms or from findings on clinical examination, prognosis has been reported to be poor. The authors outline a case of penile metastasis from advanced PC. Initially treated with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for locally advanced PC, this patient displayed upfront castrate resistance, and subsequent prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography revealed penile metastatic deposits. The patient was treated with external beam radiotherapy, and worsening urethral stricture disease resulted in the placement of a suprapubic catheter.

Background Penile metastases are very rare and arise most frequently from genitourinary cancers. Penile metastases from rectal adenocarcinoma are less common. Case presentation We report the case of a 47-year-old North Afican man with penile metastases from a rectal adenocarcinoma, which was discovered 4 months after abdominoperineal resection. A penile biopsy was carried out and established the metastatic nature. He underwent palliative chemotherapy treatment. He was still alive 4 months after diagnosis of penile metastases. Conclusion The prognosis of metastasis to the penis is very poor; the best results have been achieved with surgery but only for lesions where metastasis is limited to the penis.