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Acquired perforating dermatoses (APD) represent a group of papulonodular skin disorders characterized by transepidermal elimination of dermal components, most frequently arising in patients with poorly controlled chronic systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal failure (CRF). The four classical subtypes include acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC), Kyrle’s disease (KD), elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS), and perforating folliculitis (PF). Owing to their rarity and the often-complex comorbidities of affected individuals, accurate diagnosis of APD may be challenging. In this context, dermoscopy has emerged as a valuable noninvasive tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports clinical decision-making. This study aimed to characterize the dermoscopic features of APD through a case series and subsequent literature review. We present clinical and dermoscopic findings from a case series of 10 patients with APD followed by a literature review of 17 published case reports and 2 case series. The predominant dermoscopic pattern comprised a central yellow-to-brown structureless area, a surrounding white rim or a broader white structureless area with or without scaling, and an outer erythematous area containing dotted or hairpin vessels. Variations in these features appeared to reflect different stages of lesion evolution. The findings reinforce dermoscopy as a useful adjunct for the recognition, characterization, and monitoring of APD, providing additional insights into disease progression and contributing to improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management.

In its Sixth Edition, this book has been updated and revised to incorporate new information on technology, economic, and political issues that have impacted the use of fluids to drill and complete oil and gas wells. With updated content on completion fluids and reservoir drilling fluids; health, safety and environment; drilling fluid systems and products; new fluid systems and additives from both chemical and engineering perspectives; wellbore stability, adding the new R&D on water-based muds; and equipment and procedures for evaluating drilling fluid performance in light of the advent of digital technology and better manufacturing techniques, this book has been thoroughly updated to meet the drilling and completion engineer's needs.

SQ89 × 8.8 mm perforating gun is selected, and ANSYS software is used to establish the finite element model of equal and unequal depth blind hole perforating gun. The effects of different wall thicknesses and blind hole depths of equal and unequal depth blind holes on the pressure resistance of the gun are compared and analyzed, and the analysis results show that the pressure resistance of equal depth blind hole perforating gun is increased by 15.5% on average compared with that of unequal depth blind hole perforating gun. The results show that the pressure resistance of the equal depth blind hole gun is 15.5% higher than that of the unequal depth blind hole gun; the pressure resistance of the equal depth blind hole gun with deeper blind hole depth can reach or even exceed that of the unequal depth blind hole gun with shallower blind hole depth; the equal depth blind hole structure can be used to reduce the wall thickness of the gun tube at the blind hole to reduce the loss of the energy of the jet penetrating through the blind hole, while the requirements of the same pressure resistance can be fulfilled. The effects of temperature, axial tension load, gun length, and joint on the pressure resistance of perforating guns are analyzed separately to provide new reference ideas for the development of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant perforating guns.

Background/Objectives: Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (ARPC) is a rare entity usually occurring in adults with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies, although drug-related and trauma-induced cases have also been reported. Given its rarity and the lack of consensus on optimal management, we conducted a systematic review to summarize updated diagnostic and therapeutic insights into ARPC. Additionally, we report a case of ARPC associated with CKD. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database between May–September 2025. The search strategy targeted open-access, primary human studies, published within the last 15 years, available in English, and including adult patients with histopathologically confirmed ARPC. Results: Twenty-seven studies, predominantly case reports and case series, were included. The mean patient age was 60.8 ± 14.4 years. Only one case occurred in the absence of comorbidities, while most subjects had underlying systemic diseases. Drug-induced cases were also described. Clinically, ARPC should be suspected in patients presenting with pruritic papules/nodules with central keratotic plugs. Additional diagnostic tools include dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. However, histopathological evidence of transepidermal elimination of altered collagen fibers is mandatory. The current treatments of ARPC include antihistamines, keratolytics, topical/intralesional/oral corticosteroids, topical/systemic retinoids, phototherapy, dupilumab and allopurinol. Other therapies have been reported across the literature, including emerging ones. Conclusions: Once ARPC is diagnosed, a thorough evaluation for underlying diseases, including malignancies, is essential. Clinical trials are warranted to define optimal therapeutic strategies.

Perforating dermatoses represents a diverse group of skin diseases characterised by extrusion of dermal materials through the skin. Perforating dermatoses are grouped according to the types of eliminated material and clinical features into the following: reactive perforating collagenosis, elastosis perforans serpiginous, perforating folliculitis, and Kyrle’s disease. We conducted a literature review to investigate the associations between perforating dermatoses and drugs. Perforating dermatoses can be induced by the molecularly targeted therapy drugs (sorafenib, nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, vemurafenib, lenvatinib, sirolimus, bevacizumab, necitumumab, panitumumab, cetuximab, bendamustine-rituximab, terepril), monoclonal antibodies (infliximab, etanercept, ranibizumab, natalizumab), as well as immunomodulatory imide drugs (lenalidomide, leflunomide), antiretroviral drugs (indinavir, telaprevir) and penicillamine. Sorafenib is the most common molecularly targeted therapy drug which was described as a cause of perforating dermatoses. The mechanisms responsible for inducing perforating dermatoses with drugs are unknown.

Li J, Zhou C. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2024;17:1329-1332. The authors have advised that they neglected to include a funding statement on page 1331 of the published paper. The funding statement should read as follows. FundingThis study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82073459, No.82373504). The authors apologize for this error.

Gasdermin E (GSDME) has an important role in inducing secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. Upon apoptotic stimulation, it can be cleaved by activated caspase-3 to generate its N-terminal fragment (GSDME-NT), which executes pyroptosis by perforating the plasma membrane. GSDME is expressed in many human lung cancers including A549 cells. Paclitaxel and cisplatin are two representative chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancers, which induce apoptosis via different action mechanisms. However, it remains unclear whether they can induce GSDME-mediated secondary necrosis/pyroptosis in lung A549 cancer cells. Here we showed that both paclitaxel and cisplatin evidently induced apoptosis in A549 cells as revealed by the activation of multiple apoptotic markers. Notably, some of the dying cells displayed characteristic morphology of secondary necrosis/pyroptosis, by blowing large bubbles from the cellular membrane accompanied by caspase-3 activation and GSDME-NT generation. But the ability of cisplatin to induce this phenomenon was much stronger than that of paclitaxel. Consistent with this, cisplatin triggered much higher activation of caspase-3 and generation of GSDME-NT than paclitaxel, suggesting that the levels of secondary necrosis/pyroptosis correlated with the levels of active caspase-3 and GSDME-NT. Supporting this, caspase-3 specific inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) suppressed cisplatin-induced GSDME-NT generation and concurrently reduced the secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. Besides, GSDME knockdown significantly inhibited cisplatin- but not paclitaxel-induced secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. These results indicated that cisplatin induced higher levels of secondary necrosis/pyroptosis in A549 cells than paclitaxel, suggesting that cisplatin may provide additional advantages in the treatment of lung cancers with high levels of GSDME expression.

The cerebral circulation is a common site of vascular lesions and concurrent hemodynamic accidents, which often lead to serious neurological disabilities. Recent advances in understanding pathogenesis, improving diagnostics and developing new treatment methods for these conditions result from an interdisciplinary approach to the problem – linking clinical sciences, basic medical sciences and hemodynamical analyses. Most common techniques used in such studies include computational fluid dynamics, which allows for development of 3D models of cerebral vasculature, basing on radiological studies. However, these methods remain flawed, mainly because of their spatial resolution, which is not high enough to visualize the smallest arterial branches (perforating branches) in the models. That leaves the perforators (<1.0 mm) out of most of the contemporary studies, whilst their clinical importance is widely recognized in clinical practice. Obstruction of these vessels by atherosclerotic plaques, thrombi or implantation of flow diverting stents may result in neurological complications such as paralysis or coma. Our research team has recently developed a new method of creating 3D models of the cerebral arterial system based on anatomical specimens and micro computed tomography (micro-CT). We have infused fresh brainstem vasculature specimens with contrast medium, subsequently scanned them using an industrial-grade micro-CT system and finally, created spatial models, which included branches of diameter less than 0.1 mm. None of the current methods have been able to produce models of detail as high as this, which allows us to presume, that our procedure may open up new opportunities for hemodynamical studies within cerebral circulation and beyond.

This study aimed to compare the number of peripapillary perforating scleral vessels (PPSVs) between eyes with and without glaucoma. A retrospective case-control analysis was performed on patients with glaucoma and control participants who underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at a single institution. The number of PPSVs around the optic disc was counted on deep-learning assisted en face SS-OCT images created from 6 × 6 mm 2 peripapillary volumetric scans. The study included 33 eyes from 33 participants (21 eyes from 21 patients with glaucoma and 12 eyes from 12 healthy controls). The number of PPSVs was significantly lower in eyes with glaucoma (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.0–20.6) than in control eyes (95% CI, 24.2–29.0; P < 0.001). It was not associated with age in patients with glaucoma ( P = 0.89). The receiver operating characteristic curve had an area under the curve of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.97); at a cutoff value of 21.50, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying glaucoma were 84.6%, and 91.7%, respectively. These outcomes suggest that the decrease in PPSVs in glaucoma may be related to perfusion loss in the retina or optic nerve, and the number of PPSVs may be a biomarker for detecting the risk of glaucoma.

As the drilling depth continues to increase, the degree of compaction, strength, and formation pressure of the reservoir rock is also increasing. It is necessary to use super perforating bombs to penetrate the pollution zone, and the combination of super bombs-super target-high confining pressure will increase the difficulty of penetration analysis. In this paper, using LS-DYNA software, combined with the ALE algorithm, taking an oilfield downhole perforation as an example, the HS46 super-strong bullet-gun-liquid-casing-sandstone three-dimensional model is established without confining pressure and 50 MPa confining pressure. By establishing non-reflective boundary conditions, the interference of detonation waves on jet shaping and effects is eliminated; by adjusting the mesh density of key parts and optimizing the mesh coordination between different contact surfaces, numerical distortion is reduced, analysis accuracy is improved, and machine time is reduced. Studies have shown that at 13 μs, the jet energy peak reaches 60 kJ, accounting for 23% of the total energy, and then it decays sharply, and the attenuation is zero at 850 μs; at 16 μs, the jet velocity peaks at 6300 m/s; the penetration depth under 50 MPa confining pressure is 560 mm, which is more It is reduced by 20% without confining pressure. The research in this paper can provide a reference method for the simulation analysis of the downhole super projectile penetrating the high confining pressure super target.