Explore the vast range of titles available.

As widely used peroxidase-like nanozymes, Fe-based nanozymes still suffer from an unclear reaction mechanism, which limits their further application. In this work, through alkaline treatment and then the replacement or occupation of strong acid sites by isolated Fe species, porous ZSM-5-confined atomic Fe species nanozymes with separated medium acid sites (Al-OH) and isolated Fe-O[sub.4] sites were prepared. And the structure and the state of Fe-O[sub.4] confined by ZSM-5 were determined by AC-HAADF-STEM, XPS, and XAS. In the oxidation of 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by the hydrogen peroxide (H[sub.2]O[sub.2]) process, the heterolysis of H[sub.2]O[sub.2] to ∙OH mainly occurs at the isolated Fe-O[sub.4] sites, and then the generated ∙OH can spill over to the Al-OH sites to oxidize the adsorbed TMB. The synergistic effect between Fe-O[sub.4] sites and medium acid sites can significantly benefit the catalytic performance of Fe-based nanozymes.

Peroxodisulfate (PDS), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and hydrogen peroxide (H[sub.2]O[sub.2]) might coexist in a persulfate system. It leads to the mutual interference in concentration determination due to their similar structures. Simultaneous detection of the three peroxides involves limited reporting. Herein, a multi-step iodometry was established to simultaneously determine the concentrations of PDS, PMS, and H[sub.2]O[sub.2] coexisting in a solution. Firstly, molybdate–NaHCO[sub.3]-buffered iodometry was proposed to uplift the overall detection of peroxides since the recovery rate of H[sub.2]O[sub.2] was unexpectedly lower in the peroxide mixture than in the single H[sub.2]O[sub.2] solution with reported NaHCO[sub.3]-buffered iodometry. Then, multi-step iodometry was proposed based on the established molybdate–NaHCO[sub.3]-buffered iodometry using the combination with catalase and revised acetate-buffered iodometry (pH 3). The multi-step iodometry determined the coexisting PMS, PDS, and H[sub.2]O[sub.2] with the recovery rate of 95–105% and a standard deviation of ≤7% of two replicates at the individual centration of 13–500 μmol∙L[sup.−1]. The recovery rates of peroxides were within 95–105% at pH 3–11 and within 90–110% in the presence of Cl[sup.−] (0–150 mg∙L[sup.−1]), F[sup.−] (0–1.5 mg∙L[sup.−1]), SO[sub.4] [sup.2−] (0–150 mg∙L[sup.−1]), or NO[sub.3] [sup.−] (0–20 mg∙L[sup.−1]). The recovery rate of H[sub.2]O[sub.2] was lowered down to 91% or 87% in the sample containing 100 mg/L Ca[sup.2+] or Mg[sup.2+], respectively, but was lifted up to 100% or 93% once pretreated by adding 0.11–1.06 g∙L[sup.−1] Na[sub.2]CO[sub.3]. In the background of tap water, surface water, and ground water, peroxides were all detected in 90–110%, which indicates the applicability of multi-step iodometry in real waters.

Objective To assess the bleaching efficacy, tooth sensitivity, enamel surface morphology, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of two at-home bleaching products with matched effective hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations: Beyke iWhite (8% carbamide peroxide) and Invisalign (3% hydrogen peroxide). Materials and methods A randomized, triple-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was conducted with 22 participants undergoing a two-week bleaching treatment. The gel was used daily for 6–8 h. Tooth color and OHRQoL were assessed at baseline, post-bleaching, and 1-month follow-up. Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer (ΔE 00 ), while OHRQoL was evaluated using psychological questionnaires (OHIP and PIDAQ questionnaires). Daily tooth sensitivity reports were collected, and enamel morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. An in vitro experiment tracked the initial pH values of gels and their 8 h changes on bovine enamel. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests for tooth sensitivity and questionnaires, paired t-tests for color change (ΔE 00 ), and ANOVA for pH changes. Results Both products presented effective color change (ΔE 00 = 5.39 ± 2.50 for 3% HP and ΔE 00 = 4.75 ± 2.25 for 8% CP) after two weeks, exceeding clinical acceptability thresholds (ΔE 00 >1.8). The 3% HP gel yielded a statistically greater color change than the 8% CP gel ( p < 0.05). The 8% CP gel induced statistically lower tooth sensitivity (NRS/VAS, p < 0.05), while both reported mild sensitivity (0 < NRS < 1.5, 0 < VAS < 3). OHRQoL improved significantly ( P < 0.05). Invisalign treatment led to more noticeable surface undulations than Beyke iWhite. The in vitro experiment indicated Beyke iWhite gel was initially alkaline, turning neutral, while Invisalign gel remained acidic. Conclusions Both products effectively whitened teeth while inducing mild tooth sensitivity, and both had a positive socio-psychological impact. The 3% HP gel provided a bleaching efficacy advantage, while the 8% CP gel demonstrated lower sensitivity and less enamel alteration. Clinical relevance Clinicians may consider at-home bleaching techniques with 3% HP and 8% CP to obtain effective bleaching results with slight side effects. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400092807, 24/11/2024, Retrospectively registered.

Background The SkinMedica Acne Treatment Platform (SM Regimen) was formulated to treat acne without overdrying the skin. We evaluated efficacy and tolerability of the SM Regimen (including a novel 1% salicylic acid Acne Clarifying Cleanser and 2% salicylic acid Acne Treatment Lotion) versus a prescription formulation (Rx Regimen; including adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5%) in a diverse population of adults with mild to moderate facial acne. Methods This single‐center, double‐blind, randomized study enrolled adults (18–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) I–VI. SM Regimen or Rx Regimen was applied topically to the entire face for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted at 24 and 48 h and 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results Subjects (SM Regimen, n = 31; Rx Regimen, n = 23) were primarily female (90.7%) with mean age of 28.6 years; 53.8% had FST IV–VI. Efficacy was comparable between regimens. The SM regimen resulted in significant improvements versus baseline in mean Investigator's Global Assessment of acne severity from 48 h through week 12 (p ≤ 0.001), as well as significant and sustained improvements from baseline in total acne lesion count, global postinflammatory hyperpigmentation/postinflammatory erythema, and oiliness. The SM Regimen was well tolerated at all time points, with mean scores below mild for all parameters; the Rx Regimen caused significantly more tightness/dry feeling at week 4 versus SM Regimen (p = 0.008). Subjects (> 96%) reported high satisfaction with the SM Regimen at all time points. Conclusions The SM Regimen reduced acne severity and skin oiliness, evening out skin tone without overdrying or irritating the skin.

Accumulating data indicate that strigolactones (SLs) are implicated in the response to environmental stress, implying a potential effect of SLs on stomatal response and thus stress acclimatization. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of SLs on stomatal response and their interrelation with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The impact of SLs on the stomatal response was investigated by conducting SL-feeding experiments and by analyzing SL-related mutants. The involvement of endogenous ABA and ABA-signaling components in SL-mediated stomatal closure was physiologically evaluated using genetic mutants. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were employed to examine hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) production. SL-related mutants exhibited larger stomatal apertures, while exogenous SLs were able to induce stomatal closure and rescue the more widely opening stomata of SL-deficient mutants. The SL-biosynthetic genes were induced by abiotic stress in shoot tissues. Disruption of ABA-biosynthetic genes, as well as genes that function in guard cell ABA signaling, resulted in no impairment in SL-mediated stomatal response. However, disruption of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), DWARF14 (D14), and the anion channel gene SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) impaired SL-triggered stomatal closure. SLs stimulated a marked increase in H2O2 and NO contents, which is required for stomatal closure. Our results suggest that SLs play a prominent role, together with H2O2/NO production and SLAC1 activation, in inducing stomatal closure in an ABA-independent mechanism.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is produced, via superoxide and superoxide dismutase, by electron transport in chloroplasts and mitochondria, plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, peroxisomal oxidases, type III peroxidases and other apoplastic oxidases. Intracellular transport is facilitated by aquaporins and H₂O₂ is removed by catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase, all of which have cell compartment-specific isoforms. Apoplastic H₂O₂ influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase-mediated polymer cross-linking, lignification and, possibly, cell expansion via H₂O₂-derived hydroxyl radicals. Excess H₂O₂ triggers chloroplast and peroxisome autophagy and programmed cell death. The role of H₂O₂ in signalling, for example during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal transduction mechanisms are poorly defined. H₂O₂ oxidizes specific cysteine residues of target proteins to the sulfenic acid form and, similar to other organisms, this modification could initiate thiol-based redox relays and modify target enzymes, receptor kinases and transcription factors. Quantification of the sources and sinks of H₂O₂ is being improved by the spatial and temporal resolution of genetically encoded H₂O₂ sensors, such as HyPer and roGFP2-Orp1. These H₂O₂ sensors, combined with the detection of specific proteins modified by H₂O₂, will allow a deeper understanding of its signalling roles.

Objectives This randomized, parallel, single-blind clinical trial evaluated tooth sensitivity (TS), efficacy, gingival irritation (GI), aesthetic self-perception, and psychosocial impact of combined bleaching using in-office bleaching agents with different pHs. Materials and methods 160 participants were randomized into two groups ( n  = 80) with 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching gels: Whiteness HP Maxx (acidic, unstable pH) and Whiteness HP Automixx Plus (neutral, stable pH). In-office bleaching was performed in one session: HP Maxx (3 applications of 15 min) and HP Automixx Plus (1 application of 50 min). Both groups then received at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for 4 h daily for two weeks. TS and GI were assessed using Visual Analogue Scales. Color change was measured with a spectrophotometer and color guides. Aesthetic self-perception and psychosocial impact were evaluated using three scales: Orofacial Aesthetics Scale, Oral Health Impact Profile, and Psychosocial Impact Questionnaire of Dental Aesthetics. Results The risk and intensity of TS significantly favored the neutral and stable pH gel for both in-office ( p  < 0.001) and combined treatments ( p  < 0.004). Both groups achieved significant whitening ( p  > 0.37). No difference in GI risk or intensity was found ( p  > 0.11). All aesthetic and psychosocial scales showed significant improvement post-treatment ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion Using a gel with neutral and stable pH during in-office bleaching reduces the risk and intensity of TS without compromising whitening efficacy. Clinical relevance Combining at-home and in-office bleaching with a neutral, stable gel reduces TS risk and intensity while ensuring optimal whitening results and patient comfort.

Artefenomel (OZ439) is a novel synthetic trioxolane with improved pharmacokinetic properties compared with other antimalarial drugs with the artemisinin pharmacophore. Artefenomel has been generally well tolerated in volunteers at doses up to 1600 mg and is being developed as a partner drug in an antimalarial combination treatment. We investigated the efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of artefenomel at different doses in patients with Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria. This phase 2a exploratory, open-label trial was done at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, and the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit in Thailand. Adult patients with acute, uncomplicated P falciparum or P vivax malaria received artefenomel in a single oral dose (200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, or 1200 mg). The first cohort received 800 mg. Testing of a new dose of artefenomel in a patient cohort was decided on after safety and efficacy assessment of the preceding cohort. The primary endpoint was the natural log parasite reduction per 24 h. Definitive oral treatment was given at 36 h. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01213966. Between Oct 24, 2010, and May 25, 2012, 82 patients were enrolled (20 in each of the 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg cohorts, and 21 in the 1200 mg cohort). One patient withdrew consent (before the administration of artefenomel) but there were no further dropouts. The parasite reduction rates per 24 h ranged from 0·90 to 1·88 for P falciparum, and 2·09 to 2·53 for P vivax. All doses were equally effective in both P falciparum and P vivax malaria, with median parasite clearance half-lives of 4·1 h (range 1·3–6·7) to 5·6 h (2·0–8·5) for P falciparum and 2·3 h (1·2–3·9) to 3·2 h (0·9–15·0) for P vivax. Maximum plasma concentrations, dose-proportional to 800 mg, occurred at 4 h (median). The estimated elimination half-life was 46–62 h. No serious drug-related adverse effects were reported; other adverse effects were generally mild and reversible, with the highest number in the 1200 mg cohort (17 [81%] patients with at least one adverse event). The most frequently reported adverse effect was an asymptomatic increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase concentration (200 mg, n=5; 400 mg, n=3; 800 mg, n=1; 1200 mg, n=3). Artefenomel is a new synthetic antimalarial peroxide with a good safety profile that clears parasitaemia rapidly in both P falciparum and P vivax malaria. Its long half-life suggests a possible use in a single-dose treatment in combination with other drugs. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and UK Department for International Development.

This study aims to conduct a single-blind randomized controlled trial to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) following the use of violet LED associated or not with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Eighty-four participants were randomly allocated into three groups according to bleaching treatments ( n  = 28): 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) only, Violet LED only (VLED), and an association of 35% HP with violet LED (HP + VLED). Three sessions were performed, with an interval of seven days between each one. Changes in the objective (ΔE ab and ΔE 00 ) and subjective (ΔSGU) color and the Whiteness Index for Dentistry (ΔWI D ) were calculated based on before, and seven and thirty days after treatment using colorimetric measurements. Participants self-reported the risk and intensity of TS on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The color assessments seven and 30 days after bleaching were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The absolute TS risk was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. The significance level adopted was α = 0.05. HP and HP + VLED treatments showed higher and significant bleaching values (ΔE ab, ΔE 00 , ΔSGU, and ΔWI D ) compared to VLED. The HP + VLED and HP groups presented a higher risk and intensity of TS compared to the VLED group ( p  < 0.05). The bleaching efficacy of VLED alone was lower compared to the HP and HP + VLED protocols both seven and 30 days after the end of treatments.

The 589/1319 nm solid-state dual-wavelength (SSDW) laser, which does not require consumable dye, has the potential to target inflammation and sebum production in acne vulgaris pathogenesis. To assess the efficacy and safety of 598/1319 nm SSDW laser as an adjunctive treatment to conventional treatment, 18 patients with bilateral facial acne, with inflammatory papules or pustules, were recruited. Patients were instructed to apply 2.5% benozoyl peroxide (BPO), the drug for inflammatory acne, to their entire face throughout the study. One side of the face was randomly assigned to receive 4 sessions of 589/1319 nm SSDW laser treatments, administered every 2 weeks. After the last laser treatment, 3 monthly follow-ups were scheduled. Inflammatory lesion count (ILC) and acne-related skin parameters, including hemoglobin level, melanin level, skin depression, and skin roughness were measured. Adverse events (AEs) and patients’ satisfaction were assessed. At the 3-month follow-up, the ILC reduced by 46% on the adjunctive laser (BPO + laser) side ( p  = 0.0080), compared with a 29% reduction on the BPO monotherapy side ( p  = 0.1875). On the adjunctive laser side, the change in ILC positively correlated with the change in melanin level ( r  = 0.51, p  = 0.0301) and showed a trend towards a positive correlation with the change in depression volume ( r  = 0.45, p  = 0.0606) and roughness level ( r  = 0.42, p  = 0.0806). The patients reported a pain score of 3.4 ± 2.3 on scale of 10. No serious AEs occurred. Patients’ satisfaction scores were higher with the adjunctive laser therapy, although this was not statistically significant ( p  = 0.2758). In conclusion, the 589/1319 nm SSDW laser provided a synergistic effect as an adjunctive treatment to BPO in inflammatory acne in terms of reducing ILC and improving post inflammatory hyperpigmentation without causing discomfort or downtime.