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Human dignity, minimum and maximum: what is the justification for the difference between male and female Diyah” in Islam?
Human dignity is discussed in fields such as law, theology and ethics. In human rights and law, dignity is fixed and equal for everyone, but in theology, it can be different based on human actions. The highest human position is obtained through voluntary selection of goodness. However, failure to achieve this does not indicate a complete loss of dignity from a religious point of view, as there are other characteristics that can bestow dignity. The existence of these dignifying factors creates minimum and maximum degrees of dignity, the maximum being discussed in theology, and the minimum in law and human rights. The laws on compensation for harm may lead to the false conclusion that dignity can be purchased, but we must remember that dignity has two dimensions: material and spiritual. While damage to the spiritual dimension cannot be undone, “Diya” has been provided in Islam to compensate for the material dimension. This explains the difference between male and female Diya in Islamic laws. Spiritual dignity is independent of gender, but to compensate for material dignity, higher Diya has been proposed for men as they have a more prominent role in financing the family. In the end, we will discuss that due to the role changes in the society nowadays, the laws will need to be modified.
Journal Article
Vietnam labyrinth : allies, enemies, and why the U.S. lost the war
\"The memoir of Tran Ngoc Chau, one of the few Vietnamese Army officers who also saw service in Ho Chi Minh's National Liberation Army\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Contemplating on human dignity: who counts as human?
The fundamental topic in humanities is clearly the study of humans. Neglecting the understanding and recognition of humans can hinder us from achieving generalizable results and may lead us toward arbitrary and group-based decisions. Failure to distinguish between biological species up to the point of denying the objectivity of species, conflicts between nominalists and realists, and limitations of logical definitions are problems that will be addressed in this article.In this study, it is argued that there is no universal definition for human beings as a biological species. Therefore, from a philosophical perspective, the rights and characteristics that are associated with humans in humanities cannot be attributed to human beings as a mere biological species. In an attempt to settle this issue, a minimal shared definition of “human” (as a philosophical entity) that encompasses differences and exceptions has been accepted and recognized. It is evident that an attachment cannot stand on the same level as the essence, and discussions regarding their incorporation should be considered. In this article, it has been concluded that the criteria for the philosophical human are self-awareness and freedom of choice, and offering a definition for “human” will be founded on these two features.
Journal Article
THE INFLUENCE OF BEHAVIOR INTENTION, PERSONAL AUTONOMY, ACCESSIBILITY OF INFORMATION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT ON THE COMPLIANCE OF THE USE OF PPE AT PT. PLN
The International Labor Organization states that more than 250,000,000 workplace accidents, more than 160,000,000 become ill because of hazards caused by the workplace, and 1,200,000 workers died due to their workplaces each year. Workplaces that have high levels of danger can cause harm to workers, and thus, companies as well. One effort to reduce the risk of danger is the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Compliance with the use of PPE is influenced by many factors. This study aims to analyze the influence of behavioral intention, personal autonomy, accessibility of information, and social support in complying with the use of PPE. This study was analytic observational and used the cross-sectional research design. The population of this research, amounting to 44 workers, were all employees at PT. PLN. The sample size was 41 samples selected using the simple random sampling method. This study shows (1) behavioral intention had no effect on compliance with the use of PPE (sig.= 0.581), and (2) personal autonomy had no effect on compliance with the use of PPE (sig. = 0.075). Meanwhile, (3) social support had no effect on compliance with the use of PPE (sig. = 0.575). However, accessibility of information affected the use of PPE (sig. = 0.042). To maintain compliance with the use of PPE, researchers suggest to continue health promotion, conduct monitors, and implement a reward and punishment system for workers.Keywords: accessibility of information, behavior intention, personal autonomy, personal protective equipment, social support
Journal Article
Existence and Manifestations of human dignity: Can a person be deprived of dignity?
The criteria for assigning human dignity have been a subject of debate among researchers for years. Regardless of what criteria are chosen for human dignity, each school of thought must provide a method to identify them in people. The authors of this article consider voluntarily in choosing goodness and virtues to be the criterion. The purpose of this article is to present a method for establishing the existence of this criterion in humans and to examine the various manifestations of acting freely on what is good and virtuous by citing philosophical Islamic sources, especially the Qur'an. In this article, we will first discuss the differences among people regarding the existence of dignity and its manifestations, and move on to investigate the special conditions that can be challenging for allocation of dignity across different schools of thought. Finally, we will examine various Islamic sources to evaluate the methods of identifying human dignity in people. Our investigations show that since concepts such as “right” and “good” are of a subjective nature, there is more than one manifestation for presence of criterion of human dignity, and in practice, no one can be deprived of their dignity.
Journal Article
Pathways to Student Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations
Students' self-determined motivation (acting out of interest, curiosity, and abiding values) is associated with higher academic well-being, persistence, and achievement. Self-determination theory posits that self-determined motivation is dependent on the satisfaction of three psychological needs (relatedness, competence, and autonomy), which are in turn facilitated through need-supportive behaviors from notable others. In this meta-analysis, conducted over 144 studies and more than 79,000 students, we sought to overview pathways to student motivation in order to verify (1) how do psychological needs rank in the strength of their prediction of self-determined motivation and (2) which autonomy-support providers (parents or teachers) are the most relevant for psychological need satisfaction in students and self-determined motivation. Results show that teacher autonomy support predicts students' need satisfaction and self-determined motivation more strongly than parental autonomy support. In addition, competence is the most positive predictor of self-determined motivation, followed by autonomy and then by relatedness.
Journal Article
Does Language Matter? Identity-First Versus Person-First Language Use in Autism Research: A Response to Vivanti
In response to Vivanti’s ‘Ask The Editor…’ paper [Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(2), 691–693], we argue that the use of language in autism research has material consequences for autistic people including stigmatisation, dehumanisation, and violence. Further, that the debate in the use of person-first language versus identity-first language should centre first and foremost on the needs, autonomy, and rights of autistic people, so in to preserve their rights to self-determination. Lastly, we provide directions for future research.
Journal Article
Uncanny Bodies
Superhero comics reckon with issues of corporeal control. And while they commonly deal in characters of exceptional or superhuman ability, they have also shown an increasing attention and sensitivity to diverse forms of disability, both physical and cognitive. The essays in this collection reveal how the superhero genre, in fusing fantasy with realism, provides a visual forum for engaging with issues of disability and intersectional identity (race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality) and helps to imagine different ways of being in the world. Working from the premise that the theoretical mode of the uncanny, with its interest in what is simultaneously known and unknown, ordinary and extraordinary, opens new ways to think about categories and markers of identity, Uncanny Bodies explores how continuums of ability in superhero comics can reflect, resist, or reevaluate broader cultural conceptions about disability. The chapters focus on lesser-known characters—such as Echo, Omega the Unknown, and the Silver Scorpion—as well as the famous Barbara Gordon and the protagonist of the acclaimed series Hawkeye, whose superheroic uncanniness provides a counterpoint to constructs of normalcy. Several essays explore how superhero comics can provide a vocabulary and discourse for conceptualizing disability more broadly. Thoughtful and challenging, this eye-opening examination of superhero comics breaks new ground in disability studies and scholarship in popular culture. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Sarah Bowden, Charlie Christie, Sarah Gibbons, Andrew Godfrey-Meers, Marit Hanson, Charles Hatfield, Naja Later, Lauren O'Connor, Daniel J. O'Rourke, Daniel Pinti, Lauranne Poharec, and Deleasa Randall-Griffiths.
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