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We introduce liquidity frictions into an otherwise standard DSGE model with nominal and real rigidities and ask: can a shock to the liquidity of private paper lead to a collapse in short-term nominal interest rates and a recession like the one associated with the 2008 US financial crisis? Once the nominal interest rate reaches the zero bound, what are the effects of interventions in which the government provides liquidity in exchange for illiquid private paper? We find that the effects of the liquidity shock can be large, and show some numerical examples in which the liquidity facilities of the Federal Reserve prevented a repeat of the Great Depression in the period 2008-2009.

We attempted to replicate 67 macroeconomic papers using author-provided data and code files by following a preanalysis plan. Excluding 6 papers that used confidential data, we obtained data and code replication files for 29 of 35 papers (83 percent) that were required to provide such files as a condition of publication, compared to 11 of 26 papers (42 percent) that were not required to provide such files. Also excluding the 2 papers that used software we did not possess, we replicated 29 of 59 papers (49 percent) with assistance from the authors. We conclude with recommendations on improving replication of economics research.

Purpose State-of-the-art cloud applications are problematic for collaborative document management; their current design does not encourage active personal folder categorization. Cloud applications such as Google Drive and Microsoft’s OneDrive store documents automatically, so at no point are users directed to categorize them by placing them in folders. To encourage active categorization and promote effective retrieval of cloud documents, the authors designed an add-on “nudge” called Personal Organizer which prompts Google Drive users to categorize by storing cloud documents in personal folders. The add-on prompt is triggered when users attempt to close uncategorized or unnamed documents. The purpose of this paper is to test whether using the Personal Organizer add-on leads participants to actively store their documents in folders that they personally created, and whether this promotes more successful and efficient retrieval. Design/methodology/approach To test the add-on, the authors conducted a pretest-manipulation-post-test intervention study with 34 participants lasting over three months. In both tests, participants were asked to retrieve personal documents taken from their own “Recents” list to improve ecological validity. Findings Using our add-on doubled the percentage of documents that were actively stored in folders. Additionally, using personally created folders substantially improved retrieval success while decreasing retrieval time. Originality/value Implementing our findings can improve document storage and retrieval for millions of users of collaborative cloud storage. The authors discuss broader theoretical implications concerning the role of active organization for retrieval in collaborative repositories, as well as design implications.

We study the design of mechanisms satisfying a novel desideratum: privacy. This requires the mechanism not reveal 'much' about any agent's type to other agents. We propose the notion of joint differential privacy: a variant of differential privacy used in the privacy literature. We show by construction that mechanisms satisfying our desiderata exist when there are a large number of players, and any player's action affects any other's payoff by at most a small amount. Our results imply that in large economies, privacy concerns of agents can be accommodated at no additional 'cost' to standard incentive concerns.

Purpose To test the impact of method of administration (MOA) on the measurement characteristics of items developed in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Methods Two non-overlapping parallel 8-item forms from each of three PROMIS domains (physical function, fatigue, and depression) were completed by 923 adults (age 18–89) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, or rheumatoid arthritis. In a randomized cross-over design, subjects answered one form by interactive voice response (IVR) technology, paper questionnaire (PQ), personal digital assistant (PDA), or personal computer (PC) on the Internet, and a second form by PC, in the same administration. Structural invariance, equivalence of item responses, and measurement precision were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory methods. Results Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported equivalence of factor structure across MOA. Analyses by item response theory found no differences in item location parameters and strongly supported the equivalence of scores across MOA. Conclusions We found no statistically or clinically significant differences in score levels in IVR, PQ, or PDA administration as compared to PC. Availability of large item response theory-calibrated PROMIS item banks allowed for innovations in study design and analysis.

The study of extreme violence confronts researchers with a number of methodological challenges. This applies especially to approaches in violence research that focus on visual materials. Drawing on research on experiences of violence and resistance in the Guantánamo Bay detention camp, this article discusses two key sets of problems connected with the (in)visibility of violence. Problems of contextual (in)visibility result from various aspects of the context under study (e.g., spatial layout, access control, media technologies). An analysis of Guantánamo and its visual representations suggests that, quite generally, visually-oriented violence research needs to reflect the availability, selectivity, framing, and contested nature of its materials. In contrast, problems of epistemic (in)visibility do not result from the contexts studied but from the way they are studied. These problems become particularly relevant when examining the acts and experiences of those affected by violence. I argue that the dominant methodological approach to violence and culturally entrenched concepts of victimhood promote the neglect of the victims' experiences, subjectivity, and agency. Therefore, research needs to search for alternative ways to approach phenomena of violence – for example, by analyzing non-visual materials, such as personal documents of victims. Referring to accounts of former Guantánamo inmates, some of the challenges of such an approach are discussed. Overall, I conclude that that questions of (in)visibility need to be considered in every study on violence – both as an important condition of analysis and as an essential aspect of the phenomena analyzed.

In January 2022, the Mozambique Red Cross provided non-food items to people who were forecasted to be impacted by flooding from the tropical storm Ana in the district of Mocuba, Zambezia province, Mozambique. This was an activation of their anticipatory action protocol, an innovative mechanism for forecast-based action. While anticipatory action is growing rapidly around the world, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of different anticipatory actions across hazards. In this study, we compare reported health outcomes and asset losses from a survey of beneficiaries of an anticipatory action program in Mozambique, implemented by the Mozambique Red Cross. Given the short warning time, Mozambique Red Cross was able to provide non-food items, namely early warning messages, buckets, cups, mosquito nets, soaps, and COVID-19 masks to 855 number of people 24h before the flooding occurred. Using propensity score matching, we did not find statistically significant differences in health outcomes loss of assets or personal documents during the flood event, between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries (comparison group). The lack of observable statistical differences between the groups could be due to either the late timing of intervention or a lack of tangible utility of the non-food items for the intended objectives. Our findings suggest that early warning and action need to be backed by proper and timely logistical and organizational investments and tailored to local contexts if they are to bear significant results. Further investment in anticipatory action systems should ensure that actors have the infrastructure and personnel ready to act quickly enough based on the forecast.

In Kelantan, the occurrence of flood is common, but a massive tsunami-like flood due to the receipt of high-density rain in Hulu Kelantan which happened on the 24th December 2014 was an exceptional event. Among the victims were the traditional semi-nomadic indigenous Batek who practice hunting, gathering and farming small plot of plants for their own consumption. To date, no data are yet available regarding the exact impact of this flood to their living conditions. As such, this study highlighted the coping strategies employed by the Batek people to survive this catastrophic flood, since they had never experienced any disaster events, neither naturally nor related to any unsustainable development activities. This study was carried out through qualitative approach utilizing focus group discussion. All the transcripts were coded and grouped by the themes that emerged from comparing shared characteristics and meanings using the software package for handling qualitative data, NVivo 10. The findings revealed that most of the participants believed that deforestation for the agricultural activity caused this massive flood. They had to build raft from bamboo to save themselves and other important things such as their personal documents. They survived for four days up on a hill with wild food sources such as umbut bayas, wild tubers and wild shoots before receiving basic needs from the relief teams. Data and information generated from this study can be used to provide a true understanding on the surviving strategies practiced during flooding on remote settlements, such as in the case of this Orang Asli Batek community. This is imperative so that in the future a more effective and systematic flood management can be provided in timely manner.

The article is a reconstruction of unknown elements of Mary Sheepshanks’ public bio- graphy related to her journey to Austria-Hungary in the spring of 1913, during which she gave lectures in Vienna, Prague, Cracow, Lviv and Stanislavov. The highlight of this journey was Sheepshanks’ participation in the women’s congress in Budapest in June 1913, and her subsequent appointment as an editor of the world-famous feminist journal Jus Suffragii. The article collects and discusses press testimonies, i.e. announcements and lecture reports published in newspapers and magazines in German and Polish. They create a picture of the reception of the content of Sheepshanks’ speeches in the social space and reflect the accompanying atmosphere as well as the attitude of journalists. This is a completely different source than a private biography, which can be reconstructed on the basis of letters and various personal documents. The press materials allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex political context accompanying Sheepshanks’ tours, which have been interpreted as a mission to recognide the situation of the feminist movement in Austria-Hungary before the Budapest congress. The article reconstructs elements of the context that are important for understanding this mission, such as the issue of the organisers of Sheepshanks’ lectures (noted in the announcements), or the seemingly trivial issue of her empathic behaviour and tastefully chosen clothing, noticed in more detailed reports.

This study sought to probe higher education English language professors' experiences in cultivating their learners' authenticity. Using Barnett's (2007) theory of authenticity as the conceptual framework, the researchers explored authenticity as an authentic voice rather than a feature in materials provided by native speakers. The data were collected through interviews and personal documents. The data analysis was based on the interpretation process of modern social science hermeneutics and three core themes were extracted: critical knowledge in English language education, dialectical and reflective praxis, and a flexible and localised curriculum. Indeed, the findings of the study went beyond the exclusive boundary between native and nonnative speakers. It was also revealed that the cultivation of English language learners' authenticity necessitates a space for diversity and inclusion in addition to epistemological, ontological, and practical spaces. Moreover, the study participants indicated that authenticity can be cultivated in their learners through critical knowledge, which can be acquired through dialogues with not only mainstream voices but also marginalised ones.