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On January 20, 1999, President Bill Clinton announced in his State of the Union address that the Justice Department was planning to sue the tobacco industry and assigned the task to Attorney General Janet Reno and the Justice Department. This book is the story of that case - the politics, the litigation, the behavior of the industry and its lawyers, the efforts by the Bush Administration to gut the case, and the ultimate victory in court. Bad Acts tells the story, not yet fully revealed, of what was happening behind the scenes at the Justice Department as the case approached victory, when the Bush Administration intervened, with some success, to protect Big Tobacco. The book examines the political influences and interferences of and by Clinton Democrats and George W. Bush Republicans. It is a candid behind-the-scenes account of how the case was put together, how the industry attempted to halt the case, and how it ultimately was won by the Justice Department.

The only volume on higher education law written specifically for nursing faculty, this volume imparts the basic foundations of the legal, professional, and ethical issues that concern faculty on a daily basis. It clearly defines the legal rights of students, professors, and educational institutions along with the case laws supporting those rights. Each chapter contains a vivid legal scenario, related legal principles and theoretical foundations, and critical thinking questions. Written by an author who is both a nurse educator and attorney, the volume emphasizes sound decision making so that readers can successfully navigate the complex legal issues confronting them in the faculty role. This second edition reflects recent changes in higher education and includes an emphasis on students' rights and safety. Chapters address the general legal rights of students with expanded content on the interplay with social media, rights of faculty regarding freedom of speech, faculty protection against lawsuits, faculty and the employment relationship, faculty relations, the teaching and scholarship roles of faculty, the service and clinical practice role of faculty, and ethical considerations for patients, students, and faculty in education environments. Appendices include information on how to read a legal case and how to research legal topics.

In this eye-opening expose, David Michaels reveals how unscrupulous product-defense consultants have increasingly shaped and skewed the scientific literature, manufactured and magnified scientific uncertainty, and influenced policy decisions to the advantage of polluters and the manufacturers of dangerous products. He proves that our regulatory system is broken and offers concrete, workable suggestions for how it can be restored by taking the politics out of science and ensuring that concern for public safety, rather than private profits, guides our regulatory policy.

Eating disorders (EDs) have become a social epidemic in the developed world. This book addresses the close links between EDs and exercise, helping us to understand why people with EDs often exercise to excessive and potentially harmful levels. This is also the first book to examine this issue from an ethical and legal perspective, identifying the rights and responsibilities of people with EDs, their families and the fitness professionals and clinicians that work with them. The book offers an accessible account of EDs and closely examines the concept of addiction. Drawing on a wide range of medical, psychological, physiological, sociological and philosophical sources, the book examines the benefits and risks of exercise for the ED population, explores the links between EDs and other abuses of the body in the sports environment and addresses the issue of athletes with disordered eating behaviour. Importantly, the book also surveys current legislation and professional codes of conduct that guide the work of fitness professionals and clinicians in this area and presents a clear and thorough set of case histories and action points to help professionals better understand, and care for, their clients with EDs. Exercise and Eating Disorders is important reading for students of applied ethics, medical ethics and the ethics of sport, as well as for fitness professionals, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, sports coaches and sport and exercise scientists looking to improve their understanding of this important issue. 1. Eating Disorders: Symptoms and Facts 2. The Effects of Abnormal Eating 3. Clinical Explanations of Eating Disorders 4. Eating Disorders, Exercise and Addiction 5. Media and Eating Disorders 6. Exercise and Eating Disorders 7. People with Eating Disorders in the Gym 8. Law and Professional Guidelines 9. Ethical Issues 10. Recommendations and Conclusions Simona Giordano is Senior Lecturer in Bioethics at the School of Law, University of Manchester, UK. She is Programme Director of medical ethics teaching in undergraduate medical education in the School of Medicine, and also teaches for the Master and Postgraduate Diploma in Healthcare Ethics and Law. Simona is a member of the UK Register of Exercise Professionals, and qualified as an exercise instructor in 1999.

Slip-and-fall accidents are a growing problem. The total cost of these accidents now approaches 80 billion dollars each year, and that number is expected to double within the next decade. In Falls Aren't Funny: America's Multi-Billion Dollar Slip-and-Fall Crisis, author Russell J. Kendzior provides a comprehensive look at one of the most pervasive yet seldom addressed problems facing our world today. The book's three parts explore slips-and-fall accidents themselves, what causes them, and what can be done to prevent them. Kendzior begins by examining the financial costs, the industries hardest hit by slips and falls, and the heightened risk to the elderly population. He then looks at the causes for the numerous slip-and-fall accidents and injuries, from inadequate floor care to improper footwear, and the contributions of the insurance, legal, and manufacturing industries and how they worsen the problem. Finally, he outlines what can be done to prevent slip-and-fall accidents, and how everyone from manufacturers, to property owners, to the general public can help to reverse the trend of this increasingly expensive and dangerous problem. The book is replete with stories of real slip-and-fall accidents and injuries, up-to-date statistics, illustrative charts, and tips for prevention. It is comprehensive, dealing with all aspects of slip-and-fall accidents, their causes, and methods of prevention, while also being accessible and entertaining. It is an informative and much needed book for all managers, safety professionals, attorneys, business and property owners, and anyone else concerned with one of the nation's fastest growing safety crises.

Few microfinance-funded businesses grow beyond subsistence entrepreneurship. This paper considers one possible explanation: that the structure of existing microfinance contracts may discourage risky but high-expected-return investments. To explore this possibility, I develop a theory that unifies models of investment choice, informal risk-sharing, and formal financial contracts. I then test the predictions of this theory using a series of experiments with clients of a large microfinance institution in India. The experiments confirm the theoretical predictions that joint liability creates two potential inefficiencies. First, borrowers free-ride on their partners, making risky investments without compensating partners for this risk. Second, the addition of peer-monitoring overcompensates, leading to sharp reductions in risk-taking and profitability. Equity-like financing, in which partners share both the benefits and risks of more profitable projects, overcomes both of these inefficiencies and merits further testing in the field.

Research on microcredit is now two decades old. There has been enormous progress in understanding both what microcredit does and how. Yet a lot of what we have learned has raised new and often quite fundamental questions about its nature: Is microcredit primarily about investment, consumption, or savings? Why is it that the investments financed by microcredit do not always lead to income growth, and does this have to do with the structure of microlending? What are the roles of social capital, reputation, and group lending? This article attempts to take stock of this significant body of work and tries to identify the most important questions for future research.

The present paper contributes to the understanding of impact of corporate scams and scandals and understanding the reason how these frauds and white-collar crimes impact the investors trust and business environment as a whole. When these scams occur the trust of investors break with each and every turnout. The impact of such corporate scams is not limited to the company where it took place but to each and every business, be it big corporate units or it be some small-scale businesses by directly impacting the stock exchange where the shares are listed. The authors have also tried to focus upon the issues and problems faced by the investors of the company while the company got involved in corporate scams and to figure out the responsible person of the company who will be held accountable in such kind of cases. The present study is limited to the extent of personal liability of a Director and too specifically in the cases of fraud and insolvency. White collar crimes are everywhere these days and that need to be treated as a growing branch of the Criminal law in India. With increase in the Globalization companies are growing and along with it the stakeholders of the company are also growing, any scam done will step back the investors to invest again and more in the company. Thereby with increase in the market share of a company the director of the Company has to establish an internal mechanism to tackle various white -collar crimes nurtured and how these are dealt in the court of law.

This Article exposes and analyzes the rise of Nevada as an almost liability-free jurisdiction. Without much public attention, Nevada has embarked on a strategy of market segmentation with a differentiated product—a shockingly lax corporate law. Nevada law generally protects directors and officers from liability for breaches of the duties of loyalty, good faith, and care that are widely believed to be staples of U.S. corporate law. Nevada highlights these broad protections as a reason to incorporate there rather than in Delaware, the dominant state in the interstate market for incorporations. Market segmentation with lax law has allowed Nevada to overcome significant barriers to entry. By tailoring its product to a particular subset of the market, Nevada gained market power in a segment that is not served by Delaware. Nevada's clear, no-liability law makes Delaware's competitive advantages less significant and leaves it unable to respond effectively. In offering lax corporate law, Nevada capitalizes on its reputation as a lax regulator. Firms may incorporate in Nevada for a variety of reasons that include extracting private benefits, saving on incorporation taxes, and minimizing litigation costs. The data, however, is consistent with some firms choosing Nevada for the first, less benign reason. Normatively, policymakers should find it worrisome if high agency cost firms, which would benefit the most from legal oversight, disproportionally choose Nevada's lax law. Another reason for concern is that Nevada may create competitive pressures towards the bottom.