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"Personality in children Juvenile literature."
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This or that? : the wacky book of choices to reveal the hidden you
Presents simple quizzes combined with informative facts and psychological insights for assisting middle school children to discover their personality traits and possible career paths.
Book
Empathy, Self-control, Callous-Unemotionality, and Delinquency: Unique and Shared Developmental Antecedents
The current investigation tested childhood developmental antecedents of adolescent empathy, self-control, callous-unemotionality, and delinquency, namely difficult temperament, positive socialization experiences, and intelligence; it also tested potential mediation effects of temperament via socialization. Data were collected as part of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care and Youth Development Study, which followed N = 1364 children from birth through 15 years (51% female, 80% European American). Early positive socialization (maternal sensitivity, secure attachment, and quality home environment) and temperament variables were assessed from 1 to 36 months, intelligence at age 9, and self-control, empathy, callous-unemotionality, and delinquency at age 15. Based on structural equation modeling hypothesis tests, early positive socialization positively predicted self-control and empathy, and negatively predicted callous-unemotionality and delinquency. Intelligence uniquely and positively predicted empathy. Difficult infant temperament indirectly predicted each of the four traits through early positive socialization. Important research and practical implications are discussed.
Journal Article
Step forward with grit
\"Grit can be described as a combination of persistence and resilience. No matter what challenges or barriers arise, a person with grit never gives up on achieving their dreams and the goals they have set. This empowering title offers helpful ideas, practical tips, and inspiring stories about how the power of grit and determination can help you reach your goals. From ways to deal with stumbling blocks in your path to how to stay focused on pursuing your goals, learn how to step forward with grit along the sometimes bumpy road to success!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
JUVENILE SEX OFFENDERS COMPARED TO NON-SEX OFFENDERS: A Review of the Literature 1995-2005
An unresolved but clinically important issue in the literature on juvenile delinquency is to what extent juvenile sex offenders resemble non-sex offenders with respect to individual, familial, and environmental characteristics. The current article reviewed published studies (1995-2005) comparing sex offenders with non-sex offenders. The 17 articles meeting the inclusion criteria suggest that differences exist between sex offenders and non-sex offenders on personality characteristics, behavioral problems, history of sexual abuse, nonsexual offending, and peer functioning. Inconsistent results were found for demographic factors, family functioning and background, antisocial attitudes, and intellectual and neurological functioning. Although it is likely that sex offenders can be differentiated from non-sex offenders on a number of characteristics, caution is warranted because of methodological differences between studies and small samples size. Also, studies show that sex offenders are a heterogeneous group. Further research should take into account this heterogeneity by including sex offenders from clearly circumscribed groups and investigating characteristics specifically related to sexual behavior.
Journal Article
Systematic review of economic evaluations of interventions for high risk young people
Background
The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify and critique full economic evaluations of interventions for high risk young people with the purpose of informing the design of future rigorous economic evaluations of such intervention programs.
Methods
A PRISMA compliant search of the literature between 2000 and April 2018 was conducted to identify full economic evaluations of youth focussed interventions for at risk young people. Duplicates were removed and two researchers independently screened the article titles and abstracts according to PICOS criteria for exclusion and inclusion. The remaining full text articles were assessed for eligibility and a quality assessment of the included articles was conducted using the Drummond checklist.
Results
The database, grey literature and hand searches located 488 studies of interventions for at risk young people. After preliminary screening of titles and abstracts, 104 studies remained for full text examination and 29 empirical studies containing 32 separate economic evaluations were judged eligible for inclusion in the review. These comprised 13 cost-benefit analyses (41%), 17 cost-effectiveness analyses (53%), one cost-utility analysis (3%) and a social return on investment (3%). Three main methodological challenges were identified: 1. attribution of effects; 2. measuring and valuing outcomes; and 3. identifying relevant costs and consequences.
Conclusions
A cost-benefit analysis would best capture the dynamic nature of a multi-component intervention for high risk young people, incorporating broader intersectoral outcomes and enabling measurement of more domains of risk. Prospective long-term data collection and a strong study design that incorporates a control group contribute to the quality of economic evaluation. Extrapolation of impact into the future is important for this population, in order to account for the time lag in effect of many impacts and benefits arising from youth interventions.
Journal Article
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in a Rural State: Interviews with Adjudicated Female Juveniles
Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is defined as the “recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act” (
TVPA, 2000
) where the person is a citizen of the U.S. and under age 18 years. The purpose of this study was to gain a more informed understanding of the scope of the problem of DMST for adjudicated juvenile females, to identify factors associated with DMST for this vulnerable population, and enhance our understanding of the pathways in and out of DMST from the victims’ perspective (especially rural vs. urban). Qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 adjudicated juvenile females in a southern, rural state. Results indicate a significant number of adjudicated female youth are engaged in sex trafficking, often to obtain drugs, and that a significant number feel forced to perform sex acts in exchange for drugs and/or for a place to sleep which is also highly correlated with being a victim of sexual abuse. Early intervention for juvenile females who fit the noted vulnerabilities needs to be implemented in time to prevent our youth from being victimized. Suggestions for future research are addressed.
Journal Article
Exploring Minority Youths’ Police Encounters: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-synthesis
Recent deaths by police of unarmed minority youth have raised important questions about the nature and outcomes of involuntary minority youth-police encounters. Youth are the most surveilled group of Americans and minority youth frequently live in neighborhoods disproportionately targeted for proactive policing (i.e., using broad police discretion to “target” those most likely to be engaged in criminal activity before criminal acts become apparent). Understanding the experiences of minority youth who encounter police officers is of critical concern for social workers in many practice and research areas. Social workers must examine how a minority person’s perceptions are formed through repeated, frequent, involuntary encounters with the police. The purpose of this qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis was to capture these experiences through the voices of minority youth in recounting their contacts with the police. Four themes were identified: dangerous, controlling, prejudiced, and ineffective. Further reduction of these themes resulted in an overarching theme that captures the essences of these youth’s experiences:
dehumanization
. These results enhance understanding of minority youth experience with police officers and, thus, inform social work advocacy efforts around this issue in both practice and research arenas.
Journal Article
“The Shakespeare sessions”: a qualitative evaluation of an online intervention to prime studies with youth at risk of violence
Purpose The aim of this study was to empower young people with the skills to avoid violence irrespective of any in-person, or online, socio-economic barriers to theatrical intervention. There was a reduction in recorded violence committed by children during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales. It was during this time that online interaction became more prevalent, as the technology supporting this kind of interaction became essential. Following the pandemic, we attempted to use this extant social change through an online intervention involving youth at risk of violence. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach, which used five semi-structured interviews with youth workers and actors and one focus group with four young participants, was designed to explore the participants’ experiences of this intervention. Three themes were generated in a thematic analysis: “Challenges and barriers to the intervention”; “Impacts and effects of intervention”; “Why Shakespeare?”. Findings Noticeable positive changes were observed in all participants in terms of the protective factors of confidence, empathy and resilience. A hybrid format, allowing online attendance from a secure and accessible place, has the potential to address any in-person, or online, socio-economic barriers to intervention. Practical implications The results indicate this interdisciplinary approach, mixing social work, psychology, criminology and theatre, built a positive and nurturing environment. Youth workers can discuss lived examples of violence with young participants based on forum theatre and Shakespeare. Originality/value This research makes an original contribution to knowledge because the youth interacted with actors online and after the pandemic. It seeks to expand the existing literature by priming similar studies.
Journal Article