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Cosmetic Botulinum toxin (BoTx) injection has become a popular trend. There is evidence that beauty seekers improve their self-esteem and psychological state through BoTx injection. However, the personality traits in Chinese patients with cosmetic injections have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the motivations and personality profiles of patients seeking cosmetic BoTx injections using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The present study used a cross-sectional design, and was conducted with a sample of 195 randomly selected patients seeking BoTx treatment. All participants completed the EPQ. We also provide options listed to explore patients' motivations for seeking treatment. The demographic information was collected and analysed. A total of 195 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 33.09 ± 8.70 years. Of the 195 participants, 177 (90.77%) were women and 18 (9.23%) were men. The mean age of the participants was 33.09 ± 8.70 years, and the majority (74.36%) had a bachelor's degree or higher. We investigated three injection options, including lower facial contour treatment, anti-aging wrinkle injection, and body slimming injection. The EPQ of all participants showed higher E and N scores, but lower P and L scores compared to the norms. The participants age below 30 of lower facial contour injection had significantly higher P scores (p=0.048) and N scores (p=0.004), while N scores of anti-aging wrinkle treatments were significantly lower (p=0.013). Our study was the first using EPQ to depict the personality traits of Chinese adults seeking cosmetic BoTx injection. Initially, we questioned the purpose of aesthetic treatment in the Chinese population, which were more affected by psychological factors. Identifying personality traits before injection will assist physicians in providing a psychologically matched treatment plan while improving treatment satisfaction. These findings suggest that understanding patients' personality traits can help physicians better predict treatment expectations and preferences. For example, patients with high neuroticism scores may be more anxious about treatment outcomes, so physicians can provide more detailed pre-treatment counseling and postoperative follow-up, which is crucial for improving treatment satisfaction and reducing potential medical disputes.

Objective: To assess apathy in patients with Parkinson’s disease and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. Methods: Levels of apathy in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled patients with osteoarthritis. Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of depression, anxiety, and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. Results: Patients with Parkinson’s disease had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The patients with Parkinson’s disease with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be depressed or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between patients with Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis, or between patients in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the patients with Parkinson’s disease tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in terms of cognitive skills. However, within the Parkinson’s disease sample, the high apathy patients performed significantly below the level of the low apathy patients. This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. Conclusions: Apathy in Parkinson’s disease is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in Parkinson’s disease can be distinguished from other psychiatric symptoms and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with cognitive impairment. These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.

The Five-Factor Model of personality traits has consistently demonstrated expected associations with features of psychiatric disorders, both within the general population and clinical settings. In pursuit of a more nuanced understanding, facet-level assessments like the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) offer more profound insights into their facets. However, notably, the applicability of the ZKA-PQ to the Thai population remains untested. We hypothesized that the Thai version of the ZKA-PQ would demonstrate the validity of the construct as the original version. Consequently, we enrolled 1,382 participants, 71.3% female, with a mean age of 29.04 years (SD = 10.46). The assessments included the ZKA-PQ, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Core Symptom Index-Depression, and the Neuroticism Inventory. Our findings supported the ZKA-PQ’s overarching personality traits but not at the facet level. Aligned with observations in non-Western cultures, it became evident that the Sensation Seeking and Activity facets exhibited sensitivity to the Thai population’s dynamics. In light of these outcomes, further exploration is merited to enhance the appropriateness of the Thai ZKA-PQ. This pursuit could illuminate cultural nuances that shape personality traits and their interplay within the Thai context.

According to Paulhus ( 2002 ), socially desirable responding (SDR) can be separated into unconscious self-enhancement (SE) and conscious impression management (IM), which both appear in two content domains (egoistic and moralistic). Previous studies testing the possibility to separate SE from IM were based solely on SDR scales, whose construct validity is questionable. This study used a new methodological approach – response latencies to personality questionnaire items, to test whether it is possible to separate two forms of SDR in two content domains. A sample of students (N = 206) filled-in a five-factor personality questionnaire in three motivational situations: honest responding, induced egoistic and induced moralistic bias. In addition, every participant was rated on the same questionnaire by four close peers. The possibility of separating SE from IM was tested by comparing latencies for responses indicating SE and IM with honest responses, as well as by direct comparison of latencies for responses indicating two types of SDR. Responses indicating SE, IM and honest responding were determined directly, using discrepancies between personality self-reports in different motivational situations and other-ratings that represented “true” personality traits. Results confirmed the possibility to differentiate SE from IM—while the latencies of responses indicating honest responding and SE did not differ, the latencies for responses indicating IM were significantly longer than latencies for the remaining two types of responses. These results confirm Paulus’s assumption about two separate forms of SDR (unconscious and conscious SDR), as well as the possibility of using latency times for detection of IM on personality questionnaires.

The aim of the present study is the evaluation of psychometrics characteristics of light triad personality in nurses. With regard to the desired validity and reliability coefficients, ease of implementation, scoring, interpretation, and explanation, as well as a short time to answer, it can be said that light triad personality questionnaires were qualified for use in psychological research to measure the rate of light triad personality.

Previous models suggest biological and behavioral continua among healthy individuals (HC), at-risk condition, and full-blown schizophrenia (SCZ). Part of these continua may be captured by schizotypy, which shares subclinical traits and biological phenotypes with SCZ, including thalamic structural abnormalities. In this regard, previous findings have suggested that multivariate volumetric patterns of individual thalamic nuclei discriminate HC from SCZ. These results were obtained using machine learning, which allows case-control classification at the single-subject level. However, machine learning accuracy is usually unsatisfactory possibly due to phenotype heterogeneity. Indeed, a source of misclassification may be related to thalamic structural characteristics of those HC with high schizotypy, which may resemble structural abnormalities of SCZ. We hypothesized that thalamic structural heterogeneity is related to schizotypy, such that high schizotypal burden would implicate misclassification of those HC whose thalamic patterns resemble SCZ abnormalities. Following a previous report, we used Random Forests to predict diagnosis in a case-control sample (SCZ = 131, HC = 255) based on thalamic nuclei gray matter volumes estimates. Then, we investigated whether the likelihood to be classified as SCZ (π-SCZ) was associated with schizotypy in 174 HC, evaluated with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Prediction accuracy was 72.5%. Misclassified HC had higher positive schizotypy scores, which were correlated with π-SCZ. Results were specific to thalamic rather than whole-brain structural features. These findings strengthen the relevance of thalamic structural abnormalities to SCZ and suggest that multivariate thalamic patterns are correlates of the continuum between schizotypy in HC and the full-blown disease.

Background The main goal of the present study was to examine the characteristics of schizotypal traits and their correlations with genetic (i.e., family history of mental illness), demographic (i.e., age, sex), environmental (e.g., income, urbanicity, tobacco/alcohol/cannabis use), and psychological (i.e., personal history of mental illness other than psychosis) factors in Tunisian high-school and university students. Our secondary goal was to contribute the literature by examining the factor structure and factorial invariance of the Arabic Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) across sex and age (adolescents [12–18 years] vs. young adults [18–35 years]) groups. Method This was a cross-sectional study involving 3166 students: 1160 (36.6%) high-school students (53.0% females, aged 14.9 ± 1.8); and 2006 (63.4%) university students (63.9% females, aged 21.8 ± 2.3). All students were asked to complete a paper-and-pencil self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic characteristics as well as the Arabic version of the SPQ. Results The total sample yielded total SPQ scores of 24.1 ± 16.6 out of 74. The SPQ yielded good composite reliability as attested by McDonald's omega values ranging from .68 to .80 for all nine subscales. Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that fit of the 9-factor model of SPQ scores was acceptable. This model is invariant (at the configural, metric and structural levels) across sex and age. Except for “Odd or eccentric behavior”, all schizotypy features were significantly higher among female students compared to males. Multivariable analyses showed that female sex, being a university student, lowest family incomes, tobacco use, and having a personal history of psychiatric illness were significantly associated with higher positive, negative and disorganized schizotypy subscales scores. Conclusion Future research still needs to confirm our findings and investigate the contribution of the identified factors in the development of clinical psychosis. We can also conclude that the Arabic SPQ is appropriate for measuring and comparing schizotypy across age and sex in clinical and research settings. These findings are highly relevant and essential for ensuring the clinical utility and applicability of the SPQ in cross-cultural research.

To assess the relationships between schizotypy measures and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) traits, 1056 (69.4% female; mean age = 23.30 years) University students, were administered the Italian translation of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA), Schizotypy Scale (SS), and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) suggested that the SPQ, STA, and SS Schizofrenism scale total scores may represent primary measures of schizotypy/Schizotypal personality disorder (PD), whereas the SS anhedonia (AH) total score represent an index of the general anhedonia level. MAMBAC, MAXCOV, and LMode taxometric analyses showed that both schizotypy and anhedonia constructs had a dimensional distribution (all comparison curve fit index values<.40). Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor model of SPQ, STA, SS SZ and SS AH scale total scores. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that DSM-5 AMPD traits that were hypothesized to define the Schizotypal PD profile (i.e., Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation, Unusual Beliefs and Experiences, Eccentricity, Restricted Affectivity, Withdrawal, and Suspiciousness), as well as the additional specifiers (i.e., Anxiousness, and Depressivity) explained 66.0% of the systematic variance in the schizotypy factor scale scores. Our findings suggested that schizotypy could be represented as a continuously-distributed latent variable which may be effectively described in terms of a coherent system of dysfunctional personality traits.

In three studies, a General Factor of Personality (GFP) was found to occupy the apex of the hierarchical structure. In Study 1, a GFP emerged independent of method variance and accounted for 54% of the reliable variance in a multitrait–multimethod assessment of 391 Italian high school students that used self-, teacher-, and parent-ratings on the Big Five Questionnaire — Children. In Study 2, a GFP was found in the seven dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory as well as the Big Five of the NEO PI-R, with the GFPtci correlating r = .72 with the GFPneo. These results indicate that the GFP is practically the same in both test batteries, and its existence does not depend on being extracted using the Big Five model. The GFP accounted for 22% of the total variance in these trait measures, which were assessed in 651 pairs of 14- to 30-year-old Japanese twins. In Study 3, a GFP accounted for 32% of the total variance in nine scales derived from the NEO PI-R, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire assessed in 386 pairs of 18- to 74-year-old Canadian and U.S. twins. The GFP was found to be 50% heritable with high scores indicating openness, conscientiousness, sociability, agreeableness, emotional stability, good humor and emotional intelligence. The possible evolutionary origins of the GFP are discussed.