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"Peyotism."
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Amada's Blessings from the Peyote Gardens of South Texas
\"Amada Cardenas, a Mexican American woman from the borderlands of South Texas, played a pivotal role in the little-known history of the peyote trade. She and her husband were the first federally licensed peyote dealers. They began harvesting and selling the sacramental plant to followers of the Native American Church (NAC) in the 1930s, and after her husband's death in the late 1960s Mrs. Cardenas continued to befriend and help generations of NAC members until her death in 2005, just short of her 101st birthday. Author Stacy B. Schaefer, a close friend of Amada, spent thirteen years doing fieldwork with this remarkable woman. Her book weaves together the geography, biology, history, cultures, and religions that created the unique life of Mrs. Cardenas and the people she knew. Schaefer includes their words to help tell the story of how Mexican Americans, Tejanos, gringos, Native Americans, and others were touched and inspired by Amada Cardenas's embodiment of the core NAC values: faith, hope, love, and charity\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Culture's Catalyst
A Culture's Catalyst revives a historical debate, encouraging us to reconsider how peyote has been understood and the Canadian government's attitudes toward Indigenous religious and cultural practices.
eBook
Peyote on the Prairies: Religion, Scientists, and Native-Newcomer Relations in Western Canada
In October 1956, a peyote ceremony took place at the Red Pheasant reserve in Saskatchewan. Organized by the Native American Church, the ceremony featured the use of peyote, a psychedelic substance from a cactus traditionally found in Mexico. Its use among Canadian Native peoples in the first half of the twentieth century had signalled concerns about American influences, but by the 1950s the issue escalated into a debate about spirituality, medicine, and Native-newcomer relations. The federal government by this time had embraced an ethos of multiculturalism, which meant that some officials tolerated the peyote ceremony as a legitimate Indigenous ritual. Local authorities, however, regarded peyotism as an abusive and dangerous ceremony and sought to criminalize its practice. The ensuing conflicts over how to handle the rise of peyotism on the Prairies forms the basis of this study. This essay unpacks this complex set of debates by explaining how various players—scientists, journalists, Native participants, police, and government officials- interpreted peyotism. The authors suggest that the peyote ceremony tested the limits of the federal government’s shift towards treating Aboriginal Canadians as immigrants.
Journal Article
Amada's Blessings from the Peyote Gardens of South Texas
Schaefer's book weaves together the geography, biology, history, cultures, and religions that created the unique life of Mrs. Cardenas and the people she knew.
eBook
The Peyote Controversy and the Demise of the Society of American Indians
The Society of American Indians (SAI) was not a long-lived organization. During its existence it was beset by a series of problems, including insufficient funds, personality conflicts, if not outright factionalism, and significant differences on policy issues. One such issue was the SAI response to the emergence and expansion of the Peyote faith, known as the Native American Church after 1918. Peyote, a small cactus, has been used as a religious sacrament, or medicine as it is commonly called, for hundreds of years in Mesoamerica. As the Peyote faith expanded throughout the southern and northern Plains, it came under assault by federal and state governments and by many nongovernmental organizations, which believed it threatened their assimilation, civilizing, and Christianizing agendas. The peyote issue was not mentioned at the SAI's inaugural conference in Columbus, OH. The controversy over peyote was just becoming a national issue, although the Office of Indian Affairs was already expressing concern and looking for ways to stop peyote distribution.
Journal Article
MODERNITY, MULTIPLES, AND MASCULINITY: HORACE POOLAW'S POSTCARDS OF ELDER KIOWA MEN
Many Indians in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century commodified aspects of their cultures in order to make a living and sometimes present their identities, history, and artworks in ways that were satisfying to them. Ten vintage postcards from the Oklahoma Historical Society by Kiowa photographer Horace Poolaw (1906-1984) indicate that he recognized popular tastes for Plains Indian male imagery while both participating in that production and working independently of it. Poolaw printed some of his photographs on postcard stock to sell at local fairs in the early to mid twentieth century. In order for the postcards to appeal to the greatest number of consumers, he had to compose his images and select subject matter that fit into common visual assumptions and expectations of Indian identity, such as the \"chief.\"
Journal Article
Dual status: The evolution of legislative exemptions for deviant behavior
Legislators have created exemptions that allow small segments of the population to engage in behaviors that are prohibited for the population at large. The ceremonial use of peyote by members of the Native American Church is one example; legal brothel prostitution in Nevada is another. These exemptions confer a dual status, both deviant and protected, to the exempted. How do these dual statuses arise, and are there elements common to each? This thesis explores the parameters of such dual statuses and examines the creation of the current legislative exemptions for ceremonial peyote use and legal brothel prostitution through an examination of court documents and enacted laws. These documents were subjected to thematic analysis in search of similar arguments for or against the creation of the legal exemptions in each example. Thematic similarities emerged, and elements common to both dual statuses are identified.
Dissertation