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Rumänistik in Berlin: die Geschichte einer philologischen Kleindisziplin
This study is a short history of the Academic teaching of Romanian language and literature in Berlin since the foundation of the Romance Languages Studies. Romanian appears for the first time as an academic curricula at the beginning of the 20th century at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-University which after WW II was called Humboldt-University and remained in the eastern sphere after the division of the city of Berlin in east and west. In 1949 the Freie University of Berlin will be established in the western part of the city with support of the US-Government. From this moment on, we have two academic institutes for Romance languages in Berlin offering Romanian Studies, one in the Eastern and one in the Western part of the city. This paper highlights the personalities and their activities in the development of the curricula of these studies in the historical context from the social and political standpoint. We give an outline of how the Romanian teaching developed after the Fall of Berlin Wall and at what point we are now today.Hariton Tiktin was the first scholar to found the department of Romanian language at the Berlin University. Despite his valuable contribution through his comprehensive dictionary, his academic personality has gone forgotten. Tiktin was followed in the 1930s by Ernst Gamillscheg, an Austrian with strong sympathies for the upcoming national-socialist and fascist politics. Retrospectively his academic role in the two decades has been subject to controversy. The second half of this period is also marked by the Romanian linguist Sextil Pușcariu, that was active in Berlin as an academic scholar, being a guest lecturer at the University and as a founder of the Romanian Cultural Institute. The Ending of the War was characterized by a denazification of the academic world, and shows that the measures have never been consistent. The case Bucur is just a tragic academic anecdote. The Afterwar finds the Cold War represented by two competing Universities, and each of them had a Romanian department. On one hand in the western Free University Romanian was focused on Eastern European Studies and in the context of the Romance Philology as well, on the other hand in the Humboldt University the emphasis was on Language Studies and Translation. With the Fall of the Berlin Wall there is a slow change in the curricula reducing Romanian Studies in both Universities to the point that Romanian has been given up in the Free University. The Romanian Studies are still vivid at the Humboldt University but not as independent subject. It is part of different Bachelor and Master-Studies and is open to a wide variety of study subjects and also to all German students from other Universities of the region. At the End of the Essay there is a short analysis of the students interested in the subject, which leads to some conclusions about the future development of the Studies.
Journal Article
JĘZYK IRLANDZKI W PERSPEKTYWIE GEOGRAFICZNEJ
The situation of the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland is quite paradoxical because in the country’s constitution it has the status of the national and the first official language, and it is used on a daily basis by a relatively small number of citizens. Neverthe- less, it has a place in public space legally guaranteed, as all official signs must have names and inscriptions in Irish and English – in that order. This also applies to placenames and other elements of the geographical environment – that belong to the cultural heritage of the Irish people – which are the main focus of the author of this article. In the case of Gaeltacht areas considered to be the stronghold of the Irish language, the placenames should be given only in Irish. The article comprises two main sections, not counting the Introduction and Conclusions. In the first one are raised issues related to contemporary times whereas the second one is devoted to the mythical onomastics of Ireland, on which the contemporary one is based. In the article, the author used ethnographic and folklore materials, as well as onomastics and statistical data.
Journal Article
GREEK GODS AND CHRISTIAN MARTYRS
Among Carlo Conti Rossini’s many merits it should be recalled that he was the first to recognize traces of an early layer in the textual history of the Gädlä Sämaᶜtat (or “Acts of the martyrs”), a well-known collection of Vitae of foreign saintly martyrs mostly translated from Arabic, and to connect this layer to the Greek-based translational phase that characterized the Askumite age (4th–7th cent.). In the wake of Conti Rossini’s contribution, this study intends to carry out a text-critical survey of the Ethiopic Passio of Anicetus and Photius, commemorated in Ethiopia on 12 Taḫśaś. A large amount of textual evidence, including faithful transcriptions of Hellenistic god names and numerous instances of misinterpretation and preservation of the Greek word order, make a strong case for a direct Greek Vorlage at the root of the Ethiopic version. In accordance with the thesis advocated in this paper, the Ethiopic Passio of Anicetus and Photius is added to the increasing number of hagiographic sources reasonably datable to the Aksumite age.
Journal Article
Give the word : responses to Werner Hamacher's 95 theses on philology
\"Give the Word puts together Werner Hamacher's groundbreaking 95 Theses, a wide collection of never-before-published essays in response to individual theses, and Hamacher's own reaction to these scholars' study of his work\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Biografia termenului «academie» în limba română: de la procese denominative la practici sociale
The current paper explores the semantic evolution of the Romanian term academie (academy), considering the denominative processes involving it since its first documentary and lexicographic attestations to the present. Our approach expands from the identification and classification of the semantic areas to which the term belongs, to the investigation of the potential causes (e.g. cultural contamination) for the changes in the original meaning, under the influence of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. In a sociolinguistic perspective, this denominative unit both fulfils the function of identifying and classifying particular referents and represents an index to the social dynamics specific to a community. Thus, current social practices indicate that, in addition to the usage of the term Academie in the title of the highest cultural and scientific “forum” in Romania (Romanian Academy), in the designation of some higher education institutions and specialised colleges, we witness its proliferative usage as an identification label for some associations and organisations in charge with maintaining and improving professional standards. Moreover, a whole of range of company names employ the term for marketing purposes, as a guarantee to outstanding quality and scientific rigour of varied products and services. Another aspect of social practices involving the term under discussion refers to the ironic usage and deprecating value attributed to it in media headlines to the purpose of drawing public attention to the negative image of some so-called “academies”, whose ownership or corporate image is associated with some Romanian public figures of doubtful reputation. Nevertheless, we trust that these onomastic fashions are not liable to prejudice the social validity of the positive connotations of the term.
Journal Article