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"Phonology, Historical"
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Selfish Sounds and Linguistic Evolution
This book takes an exciting perspective on language change, by explaining it in terms of Darwin's evolutionary theory. Looking at a number of developments in the history of sounds and words, Nikolaus Ritt shows how the constituents of language can be regarded as mental patterns, or 'memes', which copy themselves from one brain to another when communication and language acquisition take place. Memes are both stable in that they transmit faithfully from brain to brain, and active in that their success at replicating depends upon their own properties. Ritt uses this controversial approach to challenge established models of linguistic competence, in which speakers acquire, use, and shape language. In Darwinian terms, language evolution is something that happens to, rather than through, speakers, and the interests of linguistic constituents matter more than those of their human 'hosts'. This book will stimulate debate among evolutionary biologists, cognitive scientists and linguists alike.
eBook
Studies in Uralic Etymology V: Permic Etymologies
This paper is the fifth part in a series of studies that present additions to the corpus of etymological comparisons between the Uralic languages, drawing data from all the major branches of the language family. It includes both previously unnoticed cognates that can be added to already established Uralic cognate sets, as well as a few completely new reconstructions of Uralic word roots. In this fifth part new Uralic etymologies for ten Permic (Komi and Udmurt) words are discussed. The etymologized words are: Udm Äi̮ž ârosy, ruddyâ (< PU *ÄijÄi); Udm kiÌ®l'a- âbe too wide; be shakyâ (< PU *küljä); Komi kurav- âgatherâ, Udm kurja- âscrapeâ (< PU *korja-); Komi neÌ®d-kiÌ®l âriddleâ, Udm nod âclevernessâ (< PU *näki-ntä); Komi piÌ®rig, Udm piÌ®riÌ® âcrumbâ (< PU *puri-); Komi sot-, Udm sutiÌ®- âburnâ (< PU *se(w)-ptä-); Komi Å¡og âgriefâ, Udm Å¡ug âdifficultâ (< PU *Å¡eÅkä); Komi and Udm ti̮š âbattleâ (< PU *tukÅ¡V); Komi uÅeÌ® âquiet, gentle person; quiet, gentle; cunningâ (< PU *iÌ®Åa); Komi uź-, Udm iźiÌ®- âsleepâ (< PU *iÌ®Åi-w-).
Journal Article
On the Problems of Proto-Ugric ć and Its Reflexes in Hungarian: Analyzing the Etymologies
In this paper, the problems with the reconstruction of an affricate phoneme *Ä and its reflexes in Hungarian are discussed. Proto-Ugric *Ä is often reconstructed, but its alleged reflexes in Hungarian show unexplained variation (s, z, cs), and many of the etymologies involve other phonological irregularities. It is troubling that although in some cases Hungarian shows s and Khanty and Mansi *Ä, often the reflexes of the affricate show discrepancy, with part of the languages showing regular reflexes of Proto-Uralic *Å. In this paper, the Ugric etymologies suggested in earlier etymological sources are analyzed and new solutions to the problem of Proto-Ugric *Ä and its reflexes in Hungarian are suggested. The problems is also related to the study of the reflexes of Proto-Uralic *Ä in Hungarian.
Journal Article
The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic
In The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Celtic, Nicholas Zair for the first time collects all the words from the Celtic languages which contained a laryngeal, and identifies the regular results of the laryngeals in each phonetic environment.
eBook
The development of the Biblical Hebrew vowels : including a concise historical morphology
In The Development of the Biblical Hebrew Vowels, Benjamin Suchard establishes phonetically regular sound laws comprehensively describing the Tiberian Biblical Hebrew reflexes of the Proto-Northwest-Semitic vowels.
eBook
A Historical Phonology of English
This work describes the segmental and prosodic changes in the history of English. It provides analyses of these changes both as phonological events and in relation to the evolution of interlocking aspects of earlier English.
eBook