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"Photosynthesis."
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis introduces readers to the amazing ways in which plants produce their own food and rely on the sun for survival. Readers will be fascinated with these plants powers!
Book
Bacterioplankton dark CO.sub.2 fixation in oligotrophic waters
Dark CO.sub.2 fixation by bacteria is believed to be particularly important in oligotrophic ecosystems. However, only a few studies have characterized the role of bacterial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation in global carbon dynamics. Therefore, this study quantified the primary production (PP), total bacteria dark CO.sub.2 fixation (TB.sub.DIC fixation), and heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP) in the warm and oligotrophic Red Sea using stable-isotope labeling and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (.sup.13 C-CRDS). Additionally, we assessed the contribution of bacterial DIC fixation (TB.sub.DIC %) relative to the total DIC fixation (total.sub.DIC fixation). Our study demonstrated that TB.sub.DIC fixation increased the total.sub.DIC fixation from 2.03 to 60.45 µg C L.sup.-1 d.sup.-1 within the photic zone, contributing 13.18 % to 71.68 % with an average value of 33.95 ± 0.02 % of the photic layer total.sub.DIC fixation. The highest TB.sub.DIC fixation values were measured at the surface and deep (400 m) water with an average value of 5.23 ± 0.45 and 4.95 ± 1.33 µg C L.sup.-1 d.sup.-1, respectively. These findings suggest that the non-photosynthetic processes such as anaplerotic DIC reactions and chemoautotrophic CO.sub.2 fixation extended to the entire oxygenated water column. On the other hand, the percent of TB.sub.DIC contribution to total.sub.DIC fixation increased as primary production decreased (R.sup.2 =0.45, p<0.0001), suggesting the relevance of increased dark DIC fixation when photosynthetic production was low or absent, as observed in other systems. Therefore, when estimating the total carbon dioxide production in the ocean, dark DIC fixation must also be accounted for as a crucial component of the carbon dioxide flux in addition to photosynthesis.
Journal Article
Living sunlight : how plants bring the earth to life
Explains the cyclical relationship between photosynthesis in plants and respiration in animals.
Book
Leaf Mass per Area
Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a morphological trait widely used as a good indicator of plant functioning (i.e. photosynthetic and respiratory rates, chemical composition, resistance to herbivory, etc.). The LMA can be broken down into the leaf density (LD) and leaf volume to area ratio (LVA or thickness), which in turn are determined by anatomical tissues and chemical composition. The aim of this study is to understand the anatomical and chemical characteristics related to LMA variation in species growing in the field along a water availability gradient. We determined LMA and its components (LD, LVA and anatomical tissues) for 34 Mediterranean (20 evergreen and 14 deciduous) woody species. Variation in LMA was due to variation in both LD and LVA. For both deciduous and evergreen species LVA variation was strongly and positively related with mesophyll volume per area (VA or thickness), but for evergreen species positive relationships of LVA with the VA of epidermis, vascular plus sclerenchyma tissues and air spaces were found as well. The leaf carbon concentration was positively related with mesophyll VA in deciduous species, and with VA of vascular plus sclerenchymatic tissues in evergreens. Species occurring at the sites with lower water availability were generally characterised by a high LMA and LD.
Journal Article