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Associations Between Leisure‐Time Physical Activity and Metabolomics‐Based Markers of Biological Aging in Late Midlife: Short‐Term and Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Physical activity (PA) may delay the onset of age‐related diseases by decelerating biological aging. We investigated the association between leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolomics‐based aging markers (MetaboAge and MetaboHealth) in late midlife and during 16 years of follow‐up. At the 16‐year follow‐up, we also investigated the association between device‐based PA and MetaboAge and MetaboHealth. We included 1816 individuals (mean age 61.6 years) from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study at baseline and followed them up for 5 (n = 982) and 16 years (n = 744), respectively. LTPA was assessed via questionnaire at baseline and 16 years later and device‐based PA with ActiGraph accelerometer at the 16‐year follow‐up. Fasting blood samples were applied to calculate MetaboAge acceleration (ΔmetaboAge) and MetaboHealth at baseline and at both follow‐ups. Covariate‐adjusted multiple regression analyses and linear mixed models were applied to study the associations. A higher volume of LTPA at baseline was associated with a lower MetaboHealth score at the 5‐year follow‐up (p < 0.0001 for time × LTPA interaction). No associations were detected at the 16‐year follow‐up. An increase in LTPA over 16 years was associated with a decrease in MetaboHealth score (p < 0.001) and a decrease in LTPA with an increase in MetaboHealth score. Higher device‐based PA was associated with a lower MetaboHealth score, but not with ΔmetaboAge. In conclusion, higher LTPA in late midlife and device‐based PA in old age were associated with improved MetaboHealth. Increasing LTPA with age may protect against MetaboHealth‐based aging. The results support the importance of PA for biological aging in later life. PA may delay the onset of age‐related diseases by decelerating biological aging. We found that higher self‐reported amounts of PA in late midlife and device‐based PA in old age were associated with improved MetaboHealth and that reaching twice the amount of the current PA recommendations in late midlife may lead to decelerated biological aging. In addition, increasing LTPA from late midlife to old age may protect against metabolomics‐based biological aging.
Journal Article
Elementary classroom teachers as movement educators
\"Physical activity does not start and end in the gymnasium during the school day. It happens all around, every day to make the best lifelong learners. Elementary Classroom Teachers as Movement Educators discusses how teachers can incorporate movement into their daily lessons to help students better learn and engage in a healthy lifestyle. This updated fourth edition continues to cover the traditional physical education content including motor learning and development, exercise physiology, curriculum, safety, and pedagogy in an in-depth way that is meaningful to the classroom teacher. In addition, the book emphasizes motivating children to be active, teaching activity to children with special needs, and integrating subject content and physical activity in the classroom\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Trends in insufficient physical activity among adults in China 2010–18: a population-based study
Background
The global prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) was reported to be 27.5% in 2016, and there were stable levels of insufficient PA worldwide between 2001 and 2016. The global target of a 10% reduction in insufficient PA by 2025 will not be met if the trends remain. The relevant data for trends in China were still scarce. This study aimed to determine nationwide temporal trends in insufficient PA among adults in China from 2010 to 2018.
Methods
645 903 adults aged 18 years or older were randomly selected from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance conducted in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018. PA was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Temporal changes in insufficient PA prevalence and participation of domain-specific moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results
From 2010 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of insufficient PA in China increased from 17.9% (95% confidence interval 16.3% to 19.5%) in 2010 to 22.3% (20.9% to 23.8%) in 2018 (
P
for trend < 0.001). By age group, with a significant increase in insufficient PA in adults aged 18–34 years (
P
for trend < 0.001), which rose more rapidly than in adults aged ≥ 35 years (
P
for interaction < 0.001). Insufficient PA has increased significantly among adults engaged in agriculture-related work, non-manual work, and other manual work (all
P
for trend < 0.05). And among the occupational groups, those engaged in agriculture-related work had the fastest increase (
P
for interaction = 0.01). The percentage of adults participating in work-related MVPA decreased from 79.6% (77.8% to 81.5%) to 66.8% (64.9% to 68.7%) along with a decrease in time spent on work-related MVPA, while percentages of adults participating in recreation-related MVPA increased from 14.2% (12.5% to 15.9%) to 17.2% (16.0% to 18.4%) (all
P
for trend < 0.05).
Conclusions
Among Chinese adults, an increasing trend was found in insufficient PA from 2010 to 2018, with more than one-fifth of adults failing to achieve the recommendation of adequate PA. More targeted PA promotion strategies should be developed to improve population health.
Journal Article
Leisure-time and occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence: a systematic-review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Background and objective
Physical activity has benefits for the cardiovascular system, however, what levels and types of activity provide optimal cardiovascular health is unclear. We aimed to determine the level of physical activity that has the most benefits against cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Methods
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for prospective cohort studies on leisure-time (LTPA) or occupational physical activity (OPA) as the exposure and major types of CVD (total CVD, coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and atrial fibrillation [AF]) incidence as the outcome. Risk of bias of studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Summary hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using random-effects pairwise model.
Results
A total of 103 studies were included in the analysis. The highest versus the lowest LTPA was associated with a lower risk of overall CVD (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.77–0.86), CHD (HR = 0.83; 0.79–0.88), and stroke (HR = 0.83; 0.79–0.88), but not AF (HR = 0.98; 0.92–1.05). Linear dose-response analyses showed a 10%, 12%, 9%, and 8% risk reduction in CVD, CHD, stroke, and AF incidence, respectively, for every 20 MET-hours/week increase in LTPA. In nonlinear dose-response analyses, there were inverse associations up to 20 MET-hours/week with 19% and 20% reduction in CVD and CHD risk, and up to 25 MET-hours/week with 22% reduction in stroke, with no further risk reduction at higher LTPA levels. For AF, there was a U-shaped nonlinear association with the maximum 8% risk reduction at 10 MET-hours/week of LTPA. Higher levels of OPA were not associated with risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, or AF.
Conclusions
Overall, results showed an inverse dose-response relationship between LTPA and risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, and AF. Running was the most beneficial LTPA but the risk was similar among various LTPA intensities. OPA showed no benefits in total or any type of CVD.
Journal Article
Work, travel, or leisure: comparing domain-specific physical activity patterns based on rural–urban location in Canada
Background
Physical activity occurs across various domains including leisure/recreation, for transportation, or for work or household reasons. Rural and urban active living environments are characterized by different opportunities for physical activity within each domain which may translate into different patterns of behavior. The aim of this study was to compare rural–urban differences in physical activity across different domains, and explore interactions between sociodemographic factors, physical activity domains, and rurality.
Methods
We used self-reported data collected across three physical activity domains (active transportation, recreation, occupational/household) and relevant sociodemographic variables from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, we did two separate cross-sectional analyses: 1) binary logistic regression to determine the odds of reporting any activity in each domain, and 2) ordinary least squares regression using the sub-samples reporting > 0 min per week of activity to compare how much activity was reported in each domain.
Results
Our final survey weighted sample of Canadian adults (mean age 47.4 years) was
n
= 25,669,018 (unweighted
n
= 47,266). Rural residents were less likely to report any active transportation (OR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.51, 0.67],
p
< .0001). For recreational physical activity, rural males had lower odds (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.67, 0.83],
p
< .0001) and rural females had higher odds (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.08, 1.30],
p
= .0002) of reporting any participation compared to urban residents. Rural males (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.74, 2.07],
p
< .0001) and females (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.21, 1.46],
p
< .0001) had higher odds of reporting any occupational or household physical activity.
Conclusions
Urban residents tend to participate in more active transportation, while rural residents participate in more occupational or household physical activity. Location-based differences in physical activity are best understood by examining multiple domains and must include appropriate sociodemographic interactions, such as income and sex/gender.
Journal Article
