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"Physical fitness United States Periodicals."
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Body Panic
p strongDworkin and Wachs analyze 10 years of health and fitness magazines to uncover how bodies are made in popular culture/strong Are you ripped? Do you need to work on your abs? Do you know your ideal body weight? Your body fat index? Increasingly, Americans are being sold on a fitness ideal—not just thin but toned, not just muscular but cut—that is harder and harder to reach. In strongBody Panic/strong, Shari L. Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs ask why. How did these particular body types come to be “fit”? And how is it that having an unfit, or “bad,” body gets conflated with being an unfit, or “bad,” citizen? Dworkin and Wachs head to the newsstand for this study, examining ten years worth of men’s and women’s health and fitness magazines to determine the ways in which bodies are “made” in today’s culture. They dissect the images, the workouts, and the ideology being sold, as well as the contemporary links among health, morality, citizenship, and identity that can be read on these pages. While women and body image are often studied together, strongBody Panic/strong considers both women’s and men’s bodies side-by-side and over time in order to offer a more in-depth understanding of this pervasive cultural trend./p
eBook
In the Limelight: September 2019
[...]it uncovers several factors that may drive the persistence of pain. [...]these findings suggest that strategies designed to promote functionality and activity and/or to ameliorate chronic conditions associated with pain may significantly decrease this increased risk of pain. The importance of sex differences in medicine is clearly recognized beyond pain perception to diverse fields including, for example, the fact that female as compared with male subjects have an increased risk for autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, but generally exhibit a reduced sensitivity to acute kidney injury and a slower rate of progression of chronic kidney disease. The occurrence of such vasculopathic processes in the coronary circulation may be especially damaging in patients who previously experienced myocardial infarction. [...]the finding by Dun et al that incorporation of HIIT rather than MICP into cardiac rehabilitation programs was attended by greater reduction in abdominal fat invites the speculation that the risk for future cardiovascular disease, including acute coronary events, may be less with such programs.
Journal Article
Tanning Shade Gradations of Models in Mainstream Fitness and Muscle Enthusiast Magazines
Tanned skin has been associated with perceptions of fitness and social desirability. Portrayal of models in magazines may reflect and perpetuate these perceptions. Limited research has investigated tanning shade gradations of models in men’s versus women’s fitness and muscle enthusiast magazines. Such findings are relevant in light of increased incidence and prevalence of melanoma in the United States. This study evaluated and compared tanning shade gradations of adult Caucasian male and female model images in mainstream fitness and muscle enthusiast magazines. Sixty-nine U.S. magazine issues (spring and summer, 2013) were utilized. Two independent reviewers rated tanning shade gradations of adult Caucasian male and female model images on magazines’ covers, advertisements, and feature articles. Shade gradations were assessed using stock photographs of Caucasian models with varying levels of tanned skin on an 8-shade scale. A total of 4,683 images were evaluated. Darkest tanning shades were found among males in muscle enthusiast magazines and lightest among females in women’s mainstream fitness magazines. By gender, male model images were 54% more likely to portray a darker tanning shade. In this study, images in men’s (vs. women’s) fitness and muscle enthusiast magazines portrayed Caucasian models with darker skin shades. Despite these magazines’ fitness-related messages, protanning images may promote attitudes and behaviors associated with higher skin cancer risk. To date, this is the first study to explore tanning shades in men’s magazines of these genres. Further research is necessary to identify effects of exposure to these images among male readers.
Journal Article
The truth about sports drinks
Sports drinks are increasingly regarded as an essential adjunct for anyone doing exercise, but the evidence for this view is lacking. Deborah Cohen investigates the links between the sports drinks industry and academia that have helped market the science of hydration
Journal Article
Reporting of Validity from School Health Promotion Studies Published in 12 Leading Journals, 1996-2000
: A targeted review was conducted of school‐based, controlled intervention studies that promoted good nutrition, physical activity, or smoking cessation/prevention, and were published in one of 12 leading health behavior journals between 1996 and 2000. The RE‐AIM framework was used to evaluate the extent to which each paper reported on elements of reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Thirty‐two publications were reviewed. Reporting rates across the RE‐AIM dimensions varied substantially: Reach = 59.3%; Efficacy = 100%; Adoption = 14.8%; Implementation = 37%; Maintenance = 25.9% for individuals, 0% for schools. Few studies reported if characteristics of the study sample were representative of those found in the broader population of students or schools. Among studies reporting on the RE‐AIM dimensions, participation rates generally were high (median 82%), adoption rates were moderate (median 72.5%), and reports of implementation were high (87%). To increase the potential to translate controlled research to “real‐world” practice conditions, a stronger emphasis should be placed on reporting the representativeness of the sample of students and schools.
Journal Article
Health and Physical Activity Research as Represented in RQES
In the past 75 years, articles in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES) have contributed to the understanding of the role physical activity plays in the health of individuals and populations. Articles have described laboratory and community research studies in humans and animals, presented reviews of topics and conference proceedings, and presented forums for discussion about current topics in physical activity and health. The articles reflect the growth of the profession from basic inquiry, about physiological responses to exercise (and the development of physical fitness methods and standards), to studies of the effects of exercise on physical fitness and health in various population subgroups. This evolution in RQES reflects the well recognized paradigm shift toward public health concerns for physical activity and health outcomes.
Journal Article
SELF-EFFICACY AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS TOWARD THE PREVENTION OF DIABETES AMONG HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN APPALACHIA
Recent clinical trials indicate that type 2 diabetes can largely be prevented through lifestyle factors. In order to identify important modalities for the prevention of diabetes in medically underserved counties of Virginia (Appalachia), a questionnaire was administered to 135 at-risk individuals, having reported at least one risk factor for diabetes. The questionnaire assessed attitudes, self-efficacy, diet, and physical activity toward the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Overall, none of the respondents reported being told by a physician that they were at risk for diabetes. Overweight was the most frequently reported risk factor (87.0%), followed by physical inactivity (67.3%). More than one-third (38.9%) reported at least three diabetes symptoms. When stratified by low and high risk level, there were no significant differences in self-efficacy, control, and healthy dietary behaviors (p<.05). High risk individuals did report having lower rates of full health insurance coverage, being less active and running out of food more frequently than low risk individuals, however. The findings suggest that cost-effective prevention efforts should incorporate physician education, include screenings, and address self-efficacy enhancing strategies toward preventing type 2 diabetes.
Journal Article
\Time given freely to worthwhile causes:\ Anna S. Espenschade's contributions to physical education
Park recalls the career of Anna S. Espenschade, a professor of physical education who contributed much to her field. Espenschade was best known for her extensive contributions to California and national physical fitness testing programs.
Journal Article
