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"Physicians Germany Biography."
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A new order of medicine : the rise of physicians in Reformation Nuremberg
\"The sixteenth century saw an unprecedented growth in the number of educated physicians practicing in German cities. Concentrating on Nuremberg, A New Order of Medicine follows the intertwined careers of municipal physicians as they encountered the challenges of the Reformation city for the first time. Although conservative in their professed Galenism, these men were eclectic in their practices, which ranged from book collecting to botany to subversive anatomical experimentations. Their interests and ambitions lead to local controversy. Over a twenty-year campaign, apothecaries were wrested from their place at the forefront of medical practice, no longer able to innovate remedies, while physicians, recent arrivals in the city, established themselves as the leading authorities. Examining archives, manuscript records, printed texts, and material and visual sources, and considering a wide range of diseases, Hannah Murphy offers the first systematic interpretation of the growth of elite medical “practice,” its relationship to Galenic theory, and the emergence of medical order in the contested world of the German city\"--Dust jacket flap.
Book
Ärztekorrespondenz in der Frühen Neuzeit
Die Buchreihe Frühe Neuzeit - begründet 1987 von Jörg Jochen Berns, Gotthard Frühsorge, Klaus Garber, Wilhelm Kühlmann und Jan-Dirk Müller - dient der Grundlagenforschung in Editionen, Monographien und Sammelbänden. Dabei strebt sie nicht die großräumige Überschau an, die vorschnelle Synthese oder prätentiöse Konstruktion, sondern nimmt den Umweg über die Arbeit am Detail und die Erkundung verschütteter Traditionszusammenhänge.
eBook
The Broken Career of Johanna Hellmann, One of the First Women Surgeons in Germany
Even today, women in surgery are a minority, so that female role models in surgery are in short supply. One of the first woman surgeons in Germany was Dr. Johanna Hellmann (1889-1981). Hellmann had to fight for her interests throughout her life: at school, in her quest to obtain the qualifications she needed for university entrance; at university, during her studies of medicine; and especially in the medical profession, as she sought to enter surgery, a predominantly male domain. Her career reached a peak in 1932, when she became the head surgeon of a small hospital in Berlin. But in 1933 the relentless Nazi persecution began, and Johanna Hellmann, who had converted to Protestantism, was suddenly considered a Jewess again. Everything she had achieved before the National Socialists came to power was destroyed, and emigration was the only choice left to her.
Journal Article
Wissenstransfer und Populärkultur in der Frühaufklärung : Leben und Werk des Arztschriftstellers Christoph von Hellwig (1663-1721)
Die Buchreihe Frühe Neuzeit - begründet 1987 von Jörg Jochen Berns, Gotthard Frühsorge, Klaus Garber, Wilhelm Kühlmann und Jan-Dirk Müller - dient der Grundlagenforschung in Editionen, Monographien und Sammelbänden. Dabei strebt sie nicht die großräumige Überschau an, die vorschnelle Synthese oder prätentiöse Konstruktion, sondern nimmt den Umweg über die Arbeit am Detail und die Erkundung verschütteter Traditionszusammenhänge.
eBook
Otto Meyerhof
More than 100 years ago, in 1922, Otto Meyerhof received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on muscle metabolism. Meyerhof lived in a time of groundbreaking scientific findings, but also, as a Jewish scientist, during the time of National Socialism in Germany. Despite his Nobel Prize, Meyerhof was only awarded an assistant position at his Kiel Institute at that time. Meyerhof managed to flee with his family to the USA in 1938, where he lived until his death in 1951. This book explores the question of how all this could have happened in such an excellent intellectual milieu. The collection brings together a biography of Otto Meyerhof; a summary of his research; and articles by well-renowned authors covering several aspects of anti-Semitism. It will be of interest to social, medical and scientific historians, as well as researchers on anti-Semitism. The work and life of this brilliant scientist has not been well-documented, and this volume makes an important addition to the literature.
eBook
Factors associated with medical students’ career choice in different specialties: a multiple cross-sectional questionnaire study at a German medical school
Background
Given the shortage and unequal distribution of physicians across specialties, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with medical students’ career choices, including background, personality traits, educational experience, personal interests, lifestyle considerations, and the awareness of work requirements.
Methods
We conducted multiple cross-sectional surveys of students; a 159-item online questionnaire was designed and students from three different stages of the six-year medical degree course (outset, clinical phase, and on graduation) were invited to complete the survey. Data were collected between May 2021 and April 2023.
Results
The questionnaire was sent to 1406 students, of whom 683 replied (49%); 481 respondents were female (70%). The top specialty choices across the respondents were internal medicine, surgery, and general practice, with anaesthesiology, paediatric and adolescent medicine (ranging 11–15%), and obstetrics and gynaecology also receiving interest, with 6% undecided. In particular, female students lost interest in surgery during the course of study in favour of the other options. The choice of general practice was associated with more vocational training, prior positive experiences with the specialty, and lower grades in the university entry examination. Clinical clerkships in a specific (freely chosen) specialty aligned with career choice, while the final practical year did not have an impact on career decision-making. All students highly desired regulated working hours and work-life-balance; however, students choosing surgery rated these items as less important. Willingness to work in a hospital environment was highly associated with choosing anaesthesiology and surgery, whereas rural areas and practices were associated with general practice. Higher scores at agreeableness were associated with choosing paediatric and adolescent medicine by more female students, whereas lower neuroticism values were associated with the choice of anaesthesiology.
Conclusions
The results highlight the intricate nature of decision-making and shed light on various aspects that contribute to the process of selecting a specialty. By identifying and addressing influencing factors, we can develop targeted interventions and policies to enhance diversity and distribution across medical specialisations and to aim for high-quality and equitable healthcare that matches the specific needs of both individuals and the population as a whole.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
History of pharmacology:2 - The Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Strasbourg: genealogy and biographies
The Institute of Pharmacology of the University of Strasbourg played an eminent role in the development and international spread of pharmacology between 1872 and 1918. In this article, genealogy and biographies of key players are documented. Unfortunately, lack of data did not permit the complete biographical description of all scientists. Oswald Schmiedeberg played a decisive role in the global establishment of pharmacology, having trained most of the professors of his time. From Strasbourg, pharmacology spread into many countries including Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Norway, the UK, and the USA. The Institute of Pharmacology in Strasbourg played a major role in the establishment of both academic pharmacology and the modern pharmaceutical industry. The Institute of Pharmacology in Strasbourg also mirrors the history of Germany and France and the Nazi period.
Journal Article
Emil du Bois-Reymond
A biography of an important but largely forgotten nineteenth-century scientist whose work helped lay the foundation of modern neuroscience.
Emil du Bois-Reymond is the most important forgotten intellectual of the nineteenth century. In his own time (1818–1896) du Bois-Reymond grew famous in his native Germany and beyond for his groundbreaking research in neuroscience and his provocative addresses on politics and culture. This biography by Gabriel Finkelstein draws on personal papers, published writings, and contemporary responses to tell the story of a major scientific figure. Du Bois-Reymond's discovery of the electrical transmission of nerve signals, his innovations in laboratory instrumentation, and his reductionist methodology all helped lay the foundations of modern neuroscience.
In addition to describing the pioneering experiments that earned du Bois-Reymond a seat in the Prussian Academy of Sciences and a professorship at the University of Berlin, Finkelstein recounts du Bois-Reymond's family origins, private life, public service, and lasting influence. Du Bois-Reymond's public lectures made him a celebrity. In talks that touched on science, philosophy, history, and literature, he introduced Darwin to German students (triggering two days of debate in the Prussian parliament); asked, on the eve of the Franco-Prussian War, whether France had forfeited its right to exist; and proclaimed the mystery of consciousness, heralding the age of doubt. The first modern biography of du Bois-Reymond in any language, this book recovers an important chapter in the history of science, the history of ideas, and the history of Germany.
eBook
Martin Luther's Body: The “Stout Doctor” and His Biographers
After Luther's death, the process of writing his biography began, first with Melanchthon, then with Rabus, Mathesius, Selnecker, Spangenberg, and others. These biographies also conveyed Luther's strong physicality and recounted his many illnesses attributing religious meaning to them as trials and martyrdoms. Here, Roper contends that one of the things that set Luther apart from many other Christian thinkers is his remarkably positive attitude toward the body, in all its aspects.
Journal Article