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Charge-Transfer Resonance and Electromagnetic Enhancement Synergistically Enabling MXenes with Excellent SERS Sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Detection
HighlightsNb2C and Ta2C MXenes exhibit remarkable SERS performance with the enhancement factors of 3.0 × 106 and 1.4 × 106, which is synergistically enabled by the PICT resonance enhancement and electromagnetic enhancement.The excellent SERS sensitivity endows Ta2C MXene with the capability to sensitively detect and accurately identify the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is beneficial to achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of novel coronavirus.The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has seriously threatened human health. Rapidly and sensitively detecting SARS-CoV-2 viruses can help control the spread of viruses. However, it is an arduous challenge to apply semiconductor-based substrates for virus SERS detection due to their poor sensitivity. Therefore, it is worthwhile to search novel semiconductor-based substrates with excellent SERS sensitivity. Herein we report, for the first time, Nb2C and Ta2C MXenes exhibit a remarkable SERS enhancement, which is synergistically enabled by the charge transfer resonance enhancement and electromagnetic enhancement. Their SERS sensitivity is optimized to 3.0 × 106 and 1.4 × 106 under the optimal resonance excitation wavelength of 532 nm. Additionally, remarkable SERS sensitivity endows Ta2C MXenes with capability to sensitively detect and accurately identify the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Moreover, its detection limit is as low as 5 × 10−9 M, which is beneficial to achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of novel coronavirus. This research not only provides helpful theoretical guidance for exploring other novel SERS-active semiconductor-based materials but also provides a potential candidate for the practical applications of SERS technology.
Journal Article
Asterix and the Picts
\"When Asterix and Obelix rescue a mysterious Pict named MacAroon, they must journey to Caledonia, now Scotland, to return him to his lady love, Camomilla, the adopted daughter of the old king. However, the treacherous chieftain, MacCabaeus, plans to marry her and claim the throne, with the help of the Romans! What with caber-tossing, bagpipes, malted water and an enormous otter in the loch, can the Gauls reunited MacAroon and Camomilla and enjoy some Roman-bashing along the way?\"-- page [4] of cover.
Book
The Picts
The Picts is a survey of the historical and cultural developments in northern Britain between AD 300 and AD 900. Discarding the popular view of the Picts as savages, they are revealed to have been politically successful and culturally adaptive members of the medieval European world.
* Re-interprets our definition of 'Pict' and provides a vivid depiction of their political and military organization
* Offers an up-to-date overview of Pictish life within the environment of northern Britain
* Explains how art such as the 'symbol stones' are historical records as well as evidence of creative inspiration.
* Draws on a range of transnational and comparative scholarship to place the Picts in their European context
eBook
Fluorescence of Half-Twisted 10-Acyl-1-methyltetrahydrobenzoquinolines
The steric interference of proximal dialkyl amino and acyl groups at the peri (1,8) positions of naphthalene affects the intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence. Previous studies indicate that acyl and freely rotating dimethyl amino groups twist toward coplanarity with the naphthalene ring in the excited state. The present study examines the effect of constraining the amino group in a ring. The photophysical properties of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinolin-10-yl)propan-1-one (4), ethyl 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline-10-carboxylate (5), and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline-10-carbaldehyde (6) are compared with the dimethyl amino derivatives 2 and 3. Crystal structures of 4–6 show that the amine ring adopts a chair conformation, where the N-methyl group is axial. Computational results suggest that the pyramidal amino group planarizes and twists together with the acyl toward coplanarity in the excited state. The ring structure does not thwart the formation of a planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) state.
Journal Article
The Barriers to and Facilitators of Physical Activity and Sport for Oceania with Non-European, Non-Asian (ONENA) Ancestry Children and Adolescents: A Mixed Studies Systematic Review
Background: Participation in sport and physical activity (PA) leads to better overall health, increased life expectancy, and decreased mortality rates across the lifespan; however, there may be a range of individual, family, and community factors that influence PA participation among ONENA children and adolescents residing in the 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) and Australia. This review aimed to synthesise existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding barriers to and facilitators of PA and sport among ONENA youth. Methods: The literature was systematically searched to include studies reporting barriers to and facilitators of PA and sports participation among ONENA children and adolescents aged 0–18 years residing in the 22 PICT and Australia. Using a pre-established taxonomy based on the social-ecological model, a deductive analysis was performed. Quality appraisal was performed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. Results: Of 1388 articles, 14 studies were included, with 128 ONENA children and adolescent participants across the four qualitative studies; 156,581 ONENA children and adolescents across the seven quantitative studies; 801 parents, children, and adolescents in one quantitative study; and 642 parents in two quantitative studies. Of the 14 included studies, none were based in Australia and only 10 of the 22 PICT were reported as the participants’ residence: Palau, New Zealand, Tonga, Cook Islands, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Fiji. Four studies reported barriers, and another four studies reported facilitators of PA and sport, with the remaining studies reporting both barriers and facilitators. Overall, there were more barriers reported (30 in total) than facilitators (27 in total). Conclusions: Research in this area is lacking, with ONENA youth living in Australia and 12 PICT not represented. Overall, there were a larger number of facilitators experienced at individual and interpersonal levels, while barriers were highest at the community level, with the policy level having facilitators and barriers equally represented. Programs that offer PA and sport participation options with embedded SDT-informed strategies for all family members; that are accessible through existing transport and related social, cultural, and physical infrastructure; and that are committed to communities through formal co-design partnerships are needed, to enhance the PA and sport participation of ONENA youth residing in PICT.
Journal Article
Britons in blue: A contextual analysis of corporeal painting in Great Britain, from the Iron Age to the early Middle Ages
Ancient sources frequently mention body painting as a practice in Great Britain. This custom, which is mentioned in continuity from the days of Julius Caesar to the Anglo-Saxon era, has not yet been confirmed by archaeological and iconographic evidence, but there are enough indicators to promote continued research. Textual and archaeological analysis shows there may have been an evolution in the practice between the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages, when new religious and cultural spheres would have led to eventual extinction. Although presented by Caesar as a military practice, corporeal painting may have extended to other spheres of ancient societies, including aesthetic purposes and religious rites.
Journal Article
Predicting Day Treatment Program Completion with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles taking Defensiveness into Account
Abstract The first objective of this study was to determine whether the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score correlated negatively with program completion in a group of 199 (123 male, 76 female) day treatment clients across several different levels of defensiveness. The second objective was to ascertain whether the GCT continued to predict program completion in a logistic regression analysis when age, sex, race, educational level, marital status, drug offense, and prior arrests were controlled. Results indicated that while the GCT did not predict program completion in the full sample, it did so when clients with moderately high to very high scores on the PICTS defensiveness-revised scale (≥ T-score 55) were removed from the analysis. It would appear that elevated levels of defensiveness may impede the predictive validity of the PICTS GCT score, at least when it comes to assessing program completion in day reporting clients.
Journal Article
Isotopic Data on Diet and Mobility from Pictish and Viking Age Orkney
Changes in diet and mobility isotopes from the Late Iron Age or Pre-Viking phase (PVP, AD 550-790) through the Viking Age (VA, AD 790-1050) and Late Norse phase (LNP, AD 1050-1300) can be used to suggest nuanced socioeconomic and political change, including differences in subsistence practices and social constructs of ethnicity, religion and status [1234567]. We present here isotopic analysis on some 292 individuals from 10 sites across Orkney, including 152 individuals newly analysed for [delta][sup.13]C and [delta][sup.15]N from bone collagen and 54 individuals analysed for [delta][sup.18]O and [sup.87]Sr/[sup.86]Sr from tooth enamel, in addition to data from previous studies. In addition to the human remains, 29 plant samples were collected to supplement the geological baseline for strontium isotopes. This study provides new results as evidence of increased [delta][sup.13]C and [delta][sup.15]N at the end of the first millennium, with dietary differences between 'local' and 'non-local' individuals.
Journal Article
Spatial Risk Factors of Vector-Borne Diseases in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A Scoping Review
This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesise spatially relevant environmental, demographic, and socio-economic factors associated with vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a region particularly vulnerable due to its ecological and climate diversity. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in March 2025 with no time restrictions, yielding 3008 records. After applying the inclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected for analysis. Environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, and land cover were consistently associated with increased burden of malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis, while associations with elevation and flooding were mixed or inconclusive. Demographic factors, including population density and household composition, were found to be associated with disease occurrence, although the direction and the strength of these associations varied. Three studies reported a negative association between population density and disease outcomes, including lymphatic filariasis in American Samoa and dengue in New Caledonia. Spatial socioeconomic factors such as low income, unemployment, and limited education were positively correlated with disease burden, particularly lymphatic filariasis and dengue. These findings underscore the importance of spatial determinants in shaping VBD transmission across PICTs and highlight the utility of spatial risk mapping to inform geographically targeted vector control strategies. Notably, infrastructure, health care access, and intra-island mobility remain underexplored in the literature, representing critical gaps for future research. Strengthening surveillance through spatially informed public health planning is essential to mitigate disease burden in this climate-sensitive and geographically dispersed region.
Journal Article