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Pentagon responds to crashed Ukrainian F-16
Pentagon spokesperson Sabrina Singh responded to questions about a crashed Ukrainian F-16 on Aug. 29.
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Pre-training heart rate variability as a predictor of Air Force Academy completion
Operational pilots are required to perform complex tasks under high stress and uncertainty. One of the major challenges of aviation medicine is the selection of suitable candidates to serve as pilots. The vagal nerve is a crucial moderator of stress responses, and its activity (indexed by heart rate variability, HRV) reflects psycho-physiological resilience and has been shown to predict performance in various settings. However, its predictive value in pilot training has not been examined. This study examined the relationship between HRV and success in an intensive and long pilot course.
In a historical prospective study, we derived an HRV parameter (RMSSD) from a 10-second ECG of 169 male and 16 female candidates attending a 3-year pilots' course. The ECGs were performed 2-3 months before the courses. The predictive validity of other routinely obtained measures was also considered. Data were analyzed in two ways. First, we analyzed the entire sample using t-tests. Then, significant predictors of success and HRV were entered in a multivariate logistic regression. Second, we focused on a smaller sample of paired candidates (passed vs. failed), matched on significant predictors, and then examined differences in HRV between these groups using a paired t-test.
High RMSSD significantly predicted the completion of the pilot course in a multivariate logistic regression. RMSSD and the selection test formula score were the only significant predictors. In the paired matched sample, candidates who passed the course had significantly higher initial HRV (M = 121.30ms) compared to those who failed (M = 84.31ms; t(25)= 1.78, p < 0.05).
The current study supports the predictive value of HRV for aviation selection. Given the high cost of training operational pilots and the physical and mental burdens they undergo, improved accuracy of the selection processes may be crucial.
Journal Article
Short-Finned Pilot Whale Strandings Associated with Pilot Whale Morbillivirus, Brazil
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) causes illness and death in cetaceans worldwide; the CeMV strains circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are poorly known. We detected a pilot whale CeMV strain in 3 short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in Brazil during July-October 2020. Our results confirm this virus circulates in this species.
Journal Article
0177 Quantifying the duration and timing of pilot sleep during layovers
Introduction Pilots flying long range (8-16 h) and ultra long range (16+ h) flights crossing several time zones must decide when and how much to sleep during layover between the outbound and return flight. Some pilots choose to sleep on home base time (HBT), while others attempt to sleep on local layover time. We sought broad patterns in the timing and amount of pilot sleep during layovers. Methods Using actigraphy, verified by self-report diaries, we collected sleep/wake data on 229 pilots (flying 460 total trips) from nine routes ranging from 10 to 17 hours in scheduled duration. All trips originated in the United States and seven were westbound routes, and two were eastbound routes. Scheduled layover durations ranged from 24 to 56 hours. We collected continuous sleep data three days before the trip, during both flights, during layover, and at least three days after the trip. Results Across all routes, pilots slept an average of 7 hours 58 minutes per 24 hours of layover (± 1 hour 53 minutes SD). Neither the amount nor timing of layover sleep depended on any of the following variables: 1) time (relative to home base) that the layover began; 2) direction of travel (westbound vs eastbound); 3) crew role (flying vs relief); and 4) total amount of sleep during the outbound flight. On layovers lasting 48 hours or longer, the second 24 hours showed more pilots sleeping during local night compared to the first 24 hours. Interindividual differences in the timing and amount of layover sleep were very large (larger than group differences between routes, between crews, and between flight directions.) On average, on layover days pilots obtained 17 minutes less sleep compared to pre-trip days and 32 minutes less sleep compared to post-trip days. Conclusion There are many complex factors that contribute to the timing and amount of layover sleep. We found that interindividual differences are larger than the variables that are constrained by the operational environment, which suggests that the timing and duration of layover sleep may be impacted more by individual traits rather than environmental or operational factors. Support (if any) United Airlines
Journal Article