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La présente étude a été réalisée afin d'évaluer le pouvoir thérapeutique de l'extrait aqueux de la Pimpinella anisum L. suite à une exposition à l'imidaclopride (IMD) durant 28 jours chez les rats Wistar. Les résultats relatifs au test d'open field représentent une réduction significative (p < 0,001) du nombre de carreaux traversés chez le lot intoxiqué comparé à celui du lot témoin, ce qui traduit une réduction de l'activité locomotrice. En outre, le test de la nage forcée présente une augmentation significative (p < 0,001) du temps d'immobilité chez les rats exposés à l'IMD comparativement aux rats témoins et exposés traités. L'analyse statistique des données concernant l'épreuve de test de Barnes a montré que les rats exposés à ce pesticide ont un nombre d'erreurs et un temps de latence pour rejoindre le trou cible significativement (p < 0,001) plus élevés que ceux des rats témoins et intoxiqués traités. Ce qui reflète une atteinte des performances d'apprentissage et de la mémoire spatiale. En conclusion, l'extrait de Pimpinella anisum L. présente un effet bénéfique sur le système nerveux des rats adultes intoxiqués à l'IMD. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the therapeutic power of the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum L. (EAP) following 28-days exposure to imidacloprid (IMD) in Wistar rats. The results of the open field test represent a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the number of squares crossed in the intoxicated lot compared to the control lot, which translates into a reduction in locomotor activity. In addition, the forced swimming test showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the immobility time in rats exposed to IMD compared to control and exposed treated rats. Statistical analysis of the data from the Barnes test showed that rats exposed to this pesticide have a significant high number of errors and latency to reach the target hole (P < 0.001) compared to the control and the intoxicated treated rats, reflecting an achievement of learning and spatial memory performance. In conclusion, the extract of Pimpinella anisum L. has a beneficial effect on the nervous system of adult rats poisoned by imidacloprid.

Cette étude a eu pour objectif la valorisation de l'anis vert (Pimpinella anisumL.) cultivé au niveau de la région d'El Hajeb via trois études différentes : une enquête ethnobotanique, une étude phytochimique et une étude de l'activité antibactérienne des extraits phénoliques et des huiles essentielles extraites des graines de cette plante. En outre, une comparaison des trois échantillons de l'anis vert récolté de trois zones différentes (Agouraï, Sebt Jahjouh et Ras Jerry) a été effectuée. Pour l'enquête ethnobotanique, cette étude s'est effectuée par un plan d'échantillonnage et à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré et semi-structuré. Cent vingt informateurs de la population locale ont été ciblés. Pour l'étude phytochimique, nous avons réalisé un criblage phytochimique, l'extraction et le fractionnement des composés non volatils et volatils (huile essentielle) à partir des graines de Pimpinella anisum. Deux techniques ont été utilisées pour l'extraction des composés phénoliques (macération et Soxhlet). Enfin, une comparaison des huiles essentielles obtenues des trois échantillons récoltés dans trois zones d'étude a été effectuée. Concernant l'activité antibactérienne des huiles essentielles et des extraits phénoliques des graines de l'anis vert, trois souches bactériennes ont été utilisées : Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella et Escherichia coli. Cette activité a été testée en utilisant la méthode de diffusion sur disques. L'enquête ethnobotanique a montré que Pimpinella anisum est principalement utilisé par les informateurs comme épice dans la cuisine (46,1 %). Tandis que l'utilisation des plantes dans la médecine traditionnelle vient en deuxième position (32,2 %). Pimpinella anisum y est essentiellement exploité comme remède contre les troubles digestifs (38,4 %). Le criblage phytochimique a révélé que Pimpinella anisum contient entre autres des tanins catéchiques, des flavonoïdes, du mucilage, des stérols et des triterpènes. Les tests de caractérisation ont montré que le même échantillon est exempt d'alcaloïdes, d'anthocyanes et de saponosides. L'extraction des composés phénoliques à l'aide de la technique de Soxhlet s'est avérée aussi efficace que la macération. Le rendement de l'huile essentielle extraite de Pimpinella anisum cultivé à Sebt Jahjouh s'est montré le plus élevé (3,25 %). Enfin, l'évaluation du pouvoir antibactérien a montré que l'huile essentielle et les extraits phénoliques des graines de Pimpinella anisum sont inefficaces sur les trois souches bactériennes étudiées. The aim of this study is the valorization of aniseeds (Pimpinella anisumL.) that are cultivated in the region of El Hajeb via three investigations: an ethnobotanical survey, a phytochemical study, and a study of the antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts and essential oils extracted from the aniseeds. Furthermore, a comparison of three samples of aniseeds cultivated in three different zones (Agourai, Sebt Jahjouh, and Ras Jerry) of the area of study was established. The ethnobotanical survey was performed with the help of a sampling plan using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. 120 informants of the local population were targeted. Concerning the phytochemical study, a phytochemical screening was carried out after the extraction and fractionation of the nonvolatile and volatile (essential oil) compounds of aniseed powder. Two techniques were used for the extraction of phenolic compounds (maceration and Soxhlet). Finally, a phytochemical comparison of different samples brought from the areas of study was realized. Regarding the antibacterial activity of essential oil and phenolic extracts of aniseeds, three bacterial strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli; this activity was tested using disc diffusion method. Throughout the study, ethnobotanical survey showed that Pimpinella anisum is mainly used by informants as spice in the kitchen (46.1%). The use of the plant in traditional medicine is only in the second position (32.2%); it is essentially used for treating digestive disorders (38.4%). Phytochemical screening demonstrated that aniseeds contain catechins, tannins, flavones, mucilage, sterols, and triterpenes. While the same screening showed that the sample is free of alkaloids, anthocyanin, and saponosides. The extraction of phenolic compounds using the Soxhlet technique was more effective than using the maceration technique. The yield of essential oil extracted from aniseeds cultivated in Sebt Jahjouh was the highest (3.25%). Finally, the report on its antibacterial activity showed that the essential oil as well as the phenolic aniseed extracts did not have any effect on the three bacterial strains studied.

Anise ( Pimpinella anisum ) and coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ) are globally esteemed for their applications in both culinary and medicinal contexts. In the present study, the quantitative analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed that the aerial parts of anise contained elevated levels of phenolics (43.5 ± 0.23 mg/g) and flavonoids (39.8 ± 0.19 mg/g) in comparison to coriander, which exhibited values of 53.1 ± 0.18 mg/g for phenolics and 48.7 ± 0.21 mg/g for flavonoids. HPLC analysis revealed that quercetin was the most prevalent flavonoid, with chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid being the primary phenolic acids observed in both P. anisum and C. sativum . Eight flavonoids were isolated through column chromatography and silica gel thin-layer chromatography. The flavonoids identified from anise included isorhamnetin, kaempferol 3- O -rhamnoside, myricetin 3- O -rhamnoside, luteolin 7- O -β-D-glucopyranoside, and rutin, whereas coriander yielded quercetin, quercetrin, and kaempferol 3,7- O -dirhamnoside. Furthermore, the study highlighted the antimicrobial capabilities of anise and coriander extracts against pathogenic microorganisms, showing varying levels of effectiveness. Molecular docking was then utilized to examine interactions between promising compounds and antimicrobial target proteins. Results revealed that luteolin7- O -glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin, and quercetin exhibited strong binding energies, effectively binding to active sites of antimicrobial protein receptors. These interactions involved diverse molecular interactions, indicating the potential for enzyme inhibition and significant antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, in-silico ADMET profiles indicated alignment with Lipinski rules, suggesting advantageous physicochemical properties for these compounds. The MD simulations revealed stable complexes between luteolin7- O -glucopyranoside and antimicrobial receptors (1AD4, 2UV0, 2OV5, and 5TZ1). This stability was evidenced by RMSD values ranging from 0.18 to 0.40 nm, indicating minor fluctuations in RMSF values (0.10 to 0.60 nm). The SASA values ranged from 135 to 235 nm², and Rg values varied from 1.85 to 2.50 nm, offering insights into the protein complexes’ shapes. These results support the compounds’ potential in ongoing drug development efforts, highlighting their stability and suitability for further exploration in drug development processes.

Main conclusionGenetic improvement of seed yield and drought resistance could be simultaneously gained in anise when breeding for drought resistance.Improving the water use efficiency of anise is a primary objective of anise breeding programs aimed at mitigating the impacts of drought stress. This study aimed to determine the predominant mechanisms involved in drought tolerance and investigate the genetic control of associated traits with drought tolerance and higher grain yield. According to these aims, 10 half-diallel hybrids and their five parents were evaluated in both field and greenhouse lysimetric experiments under well-watered and water deficit stress conditions. The results indicated that the inheritance of grain yield is complex and affected by water deficit stress. Similar heritability and genetic architecture were detected for flowering time and percentages of photosynthate partitioned to grain (PPPG) in both well-watered and water deficit stress treatments. Significant negative genetic correlations were observed between grain yield and flowering time, root dry mass, root diameter, root volume, root number, percentages of photosynthate partitioned to shoot, and percentages of photosynthate partitioned to root. Therefore, the selection of low values of these attributes can be used to improve grain yield under drought conditions. In contrast, a positive significant genetic linkage between grain yield and PPPG, chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, and leaf relative water content reveal selection for high values of these attributes is favored. These attributes could be used as surrogate selection criteria in the early segregating generations. The P1 parent (early ripening parent) contained key genes associated with PPPG and drought escape. It was concluded that improvement of drought tolerance and grain yield could be simultaneously achieved in anise breeding programs.

Improving seed germination is essential for enhancing crop establishment under increasingly variable environmental conditions associated with climate change. Magnetic field (MF) treatment represents a clean, non-chemical, and sustainable seed-priming approach; however, frequency-dependent biological responses remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the responses of aniseed ( Pimpinella anisum L.) to static (DC) and low-frequency alternating magnetic fields (5, 10, and 15 Hz) across different exposure durations. Germination parameters (percentage, speed, vigor index), physiological traits, and activities of key hydrolytic and antioxidant enzymes (α-amylase, protease, catalase) were assessed. Furthermore, the molecular expression of the stress-responsive superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the cytoskeletal actin genes was analysed. MF significantly enhanced germination percentage (up to a 25% increase), mean germination time, and vigor indices compared to the untreated controls. Physiologically, treated seedlings exhibited higher antioxidant defense levels. At moderate frequencies, catalase activity increased, while α-amylase and protease were markedly elevated at higher frequencies, enabling reserve mobilization and stress tolerance. At the molecular level, sod transcripts were down-regulated across all MF treatments compared to the control, indicating a functioning oxidative stress response. These findings demonstrate that MF frequency modulates the integration of physiological (enzyme-driven metabolism) and molecular (antioxidant gene regulation) pathways to optimize during aniseed germination. This research provides mechanistic insights and presents low-frequency MF as a viable seed priming for sustainable crop improvement under dynamic environments.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement aspects of conventional methods (petroleum-based solvent and Folch assay) by alternative methods (bio-based and biodegradable solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) and supercritical CO 2 (SC-CO 2 )) for seed oil extraction from anise ( Pimpinella anisum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ) . Results showed that the highest oil yield of aniseeds was obtained by using Folch (24.07%) and MeTHF (23.65%) extraction methods whereas fennel seeds had 20.02% and 18.72%, respectively. Fatty acid composition of both seed oils obtained by the two green extraction methods was similar to the conventional ones with the predominance of petroselinic acid (54.22–61.25% in fennel and 42.39–48.97% in anise). Besides, SC-CO 2 method allowed to obtain the maximum of sterol content in anise (3.85 mg/g of oil) and fennel (4.64 mg/g of oil) seed oils. Furthermore, anise and fennel seed oils extracted with MeTHF method significantly showed higher total phenolic content (2.43 and 1.32 mg GA/g oil, respectively), stronger antioxidant activity (9.23 and 5.04 μmol TEAC/g oil, respectively), and oxidative stability (8.23 and 10.15 h, respectively) than the other methods ( p  < 0.05). In conclusion, MeTHF appeared to be a good substitute to petroleum solvents for recovery of high oil quality from Pimpinella anisum and Foeniculum vulgare seeds.

Spices in general owned a very important reputation in the herbal plantae Kingdom; they have been used for food flavoring, preservation, aroma, and coloring for more than 2000 years. Moreover, spices are classified as all natural, and for this reason, they attracted a large scale of consumers worldwide; however, since most of spices are consumed in their natural form (without grounded them), it is necessary to monitor their consumed quantities. Hence, the aim of this work was to quantify major and trace elements contained in some Algerian kitchen frequently used spices (Piper nigrum L., Nigella sativa L., and Pimpinella anisum L.). Spice materials were washed well then pass through an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Results revealed the existence of twenty-six elements among them: K, Ca, Fe, and Na which showed significant concentrations, consecutively, while Ce, Eu, Lu, Sm, and Tb were presented at low concentrations. Furthermore, these spices consumption assessment results were found to be well below the tolerance limits compared with the recommended values (RDA) suggested by the FAO association.

Anise ( Pimpinella anisum L.) is an annual spice and medicinal plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. Only a limited number of anise breeding studies are available. Therefore, genetic variation among anise landraces has not been extensively examined with molecular markers. In this study, the molecular diversity of 15 Turkish anise landraces collected from different regions of Turkey and four foreign landraces obtained from Cyprus, Syria and France were analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The discriminatory power of these markers was assessed by calculating various marker parameters, namely percent polymorphism, polymorphism information content (PIC), resolving power (RP), and marker index (MI). The genomic DNA of 19 anise landraces was amplified with nine RAPD primers that generated 71 polymorphic bands and five ISSRs primers that produced 45 polymorphic bands. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 59.8% in RAPD profiling and 51.5% in ISSR profiling. The average PIC values obtained using RAPD and ISSR markers were 0.40 and 0.38, respectively. The mean RP (2.90 and 2.67) and MI values (1.23 and 1.05) of the RAPD assay were found to be somewhat higher than those of the ISSR assay, but ISSR was more favorable than the RAPD techniques in terms of presenting the phylogenetic relationships in anise landraces. A UPGMA cluster grouped the 19 anise landraces into two major clusters based on both markers. The RAPD and ISSR marker systems were found to be useful for determining genetic diversity in P. anisum L. and identifying variation among landraces.

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of zein coating (Z) impregnated with ginger extract (GE) and Pimpinella anisum essential oil (AEO) on microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics of beef samples packaged in modified atmosphere (MAP). The treatments were assessed during refrigerated storage for 20 days. GC-MS analysis exhibited that anethole (78.39%) was the dominant component of GE. Results indicated that meat treatment with zein coating containing GE 3% and AEO, resulted in the highest reduction rate of mesophilic bacteria (4.13 log CFU/g), lactic acid bacteria (2.68 log CFU/g), Enterobacteriaceae (3.84 log CFU/g), Pseudomonas spp. (2.74 log CFU/g), and yeasts–molds (1.99 log CFU/g) as compared to the untreated (control) samples. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of GE enhanced with increasing the concentration and a synergistic effect was observed when combined with AEO. Chemical properties including total volatile nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (PV) and pH were notably lower in all treated meats compared to control samples. However, PV and TBARS were higher in MAP only treated meats. Regarding organoleptic properties, Z-GE 3%-A was mostly acceptable the panelists until the last day of experiment. Our findings indicate the potential of zein edible coating incorporated with GE and AEO in reducing the deterioration of fresh beef and improving its shelf life under MAP conditions. Graphic abstract

Background Pimpinella anisum and Coriandrum sativum , members of the Apiaceae family, have long been used in traditional medicine, yet comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological profiling of their aerial parts remains scarce. This study aimed to investigate the flavonoid composition, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, and antioxidant potentials of their flavonoid-enriched fractions, supported by in vivo assessments and molecular docking studies. Results LC–ESI–MS analysis revealed that P. anisum contained 11 phenolic acids and 29 flavonoids, while C. sativum comprised 13 phenolic acids and 28 flavonoids. The flavonoid-rich extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant activities, with P. anisum showing strong DPPH inhibition (83.72–86.22%) and C. sativum exhibiting comparable effects (86.43–88.18%) to ascorbic acid. In vivo studies confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of both extracts in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, as evidenced by reduced serum transaminases, nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with enhanced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and MMP-9 levels. Histological examinations supported the biochemical findings. Antimutagenic studies further revealed a reduction in chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage, and sperm abnormalities. Molecular docking identified six flavonoid compounds—apigenin 6- C -glucoside, apigenin 7- O -glucoside, myricetin 3- O -β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, kaempferol, and chrysin—as potent ligands for TNF-α, MMP-9, SOD, and GPx. ADMET predictions indicated high oral bioavailability, drug-likeness, and minimal toxicity. Additionally, Molecular dynamics simulations were used to evaluate the binding energetics and stability of GPx1, MMP-9, and TNF complexes with specific flavonoids. Trajectory analyses demonstrated that GPx1 and MMP-9 rapidly form structurally compact, highly stable, and tightly anchored interactions. Conclusions The flavonoid-enriched fractions of P. anisum and C. sativum exhibit potent antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antimutagenic activities, likely mediated through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The identified flavonoids represent promising candidates for the development of multi-target hepatoprotective therapeutics with favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. Graphical abstract