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Zuo shen me niJuan juan
Ben shu miao hui le gou gou de cheng zhang jing li,Shi er guai qiao,Shi er dao dan de juan juan,Zhua kuang de bu bu ding ding,Jiu xiang la bi xiao xin yi jia.Nao teng dao fan tian fu di,Que rang ni bu you zi zhu di wei xiao.You shi ban zui,You shi da nao que yi ran xiang qin xiang ai.
Book
Construction of CPW Pogo Pin Probes for RFIC Measurements
A new radio frequency (RF) probe using pogo pin tips for integrated chip (IC) measurement up to 50 GHz is proposed. It offers high durability due to the pogo pins and meets three key design criteria for general IC measurement: (1) a 45° tilted shape with a 70 μm tip protrusion for easy microscope inspection, (2) linear pogo pin alignment for commercial chip pad contact, and (3) a 250 μm pitch compatible with standard IC pad pitches. This design is distinct from traditional pogo pin probe cards which place pogo pins in vertical form, in a diagonal arrangement, and at wide intervals. The probe exhibits a low insertion loss of 1.6 dB at 45 GHz. A printed circuit board (PCB)-based calibration standard for the calibration of the designed probe is constructed, which is adjusted to inductance and capacitance values using a simulation to form the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) calibration set. The measurements of a commercial amplifier IC using this probe show a nearly identical performance to commercial RF probes, confirming its accuracy and reliability.
Journal Article
PIN-driven polar auxin transport in plant developmental plasticity: a key target for environmental and endogenous signals
Plants master the art of coping with environmental challenges in two ways: on the one hand, through their extensive defense systems, and on the other, by their developmental plasticity. The plant hormone auxin plays an important role in a plant's adaptations to its surroundings, as it specifies organ orientation and positioning by regulating cell growth and division in response to internal and external signals. Important in auxin action is the family of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transport proteins that generate auxin maxima and minima by driving polar cell-to-cell transport of auxin through their asymmetric subcellular distribution. Here, we review how regulatory proteins, the cytoskeleton, and membrane trafficking affect PIN expression and localization. Transcriptional regulation of PIN genes alters protein abundance, provides tissue-specific expression, and enables feedback based on auxin concentrations and crosstalk with other hormones. Post-transcriptional modification, for example by PIN phosphorylation or ubiquitination, provides regulation through protein trafficking and degradation, changing the direction and quantity of the auxin flow. Several plant hormones affect PIN abundance, resulting in another means of crosstalk between auxin and these hormones. In conclusion, PIN proteins are instrumental in directing plant developmental responses to environmental and endogenous signals.
Journal Article
Dancing to the precipice : the life of Lucie de la Tour du Pin, eyewitness to an era
Shares the story of a turn-of-the-nineteenth-century social chronicler, from her early years among the French and British nobility to her first-hand witness to such events as the demise of the French monarchy and the Reign of Terror.
Book
Recent developments in the understanding of PIN polarity
Polar localization of PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, thereby regulating diverse aspects of plant development. Here I summarize the current understanding of mechanisms by which PIN polarity is established, maintained and rearranged to provide a glimpse into the complexity of PIN polarity.
Journal Article
A Secure Operation Method Based on Secure Chip Identity Authentication
In order to ensure the security of identity authentication of electric power, financial and other terminal products, this paper proposes a security operation method based on security chip identity authentication. There are four main methods of this method, which need to be completed with corresponding instructions: The first is the authentication identity method. The security chip needs to send the “verify identity authentication pin” command to the interface device. After the verification is passed, the interface device can legally read and write to the security chip. The second method is to unlock the identity, need to execute the “unlock identity authentication pin” command, this method can make the locked security chip restore normal operation. The third method is to reset the identity, which needs to execute the “reload identity authentication pin” command, which can set the user’s identity authentication pin to the newly entered identity authentication pin, so as to ensure the restorability of the authentication. The fourth is to change the identity method, the security chip needs to execute the “change identity authentication pin” command, this method can update the original identity authentication pin to the newly entered identity authentication pin. Based on actual application security requirements, users can use the four types of commands to reasonably combine applications, select different security operation methods, and perform corresponding application functions such as verify, unlock, reload, and change identity authentication pin, so as to achieve secure operation of the security chip authentication pin. Identify whether the identity authentication pin is in a locked state in response to commands such as verify identity authentication pin, unlock identity authentication pin, reload identity authentication pin, or change identity authentication pin. Recognizing that the identity authentication pin is in a locked state, it is prohibited to execute the verify identity authentication pin command and change identity authentication pin command; it is allowed to execute the unlock identity authentication pin command and reload identity authentication pin command to unlock identity authentication pin. Therefore, after the identity authentication pin is locked, the identity authentication pin can be unlocked based on the unlock identity authentication pin command or reload identity authentication pin command, so that the security chip can continue to be used while meeting security requirements.
Journal Article
Cytokinins influence root gravitropism via differential regulation of auxin transporter expression and localization in Arabidopsis
Redirection of intercellular auxin fluxes via relocalization of the PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3) and PIN7 auxin efflux carriers has been suggested to be necessary for the root gravitropic response. Cytokinins have also been proposed to play a role in controlling root gravitropism, but conclusive evidence is lacking.
We present a detailed study of the dynamics of root bending early after gravistimulation, which revealed a delayed gravitropic response in transgenic lines with depleted endogenous cytokinins (Pro35S:AtCKX) and cytokinin signaling mutants. Pro35S:AtCKX lines, as well as a cytokinin receptor mutant ahk3, showed aberrations in the auxin response distribution in columella cells consistent with defects in the auxin transport machinery.
Using in vivo real-time imaging of PIN3-GFP and PIN7-GFP in AtCKX3 overexpression and ahk3 backgrounds, we observed wild-type-like relocalization of PIN proteins in the columella early after gravistimulation, with gravity-induced relocalization of PIN7 faster than that of PIN3. Nonetheless, the cellular distribution of PIN3 and PIN7 and expression of PIN7 and the auxin influx carrier AUX1 was affected in AtCKX overexpression lines.
Based on the retained cytokinin sensitivity in pin3 pin4 pin7 mutant, we propose the AUX1-mediated auxin transport rather than columella-located PIN proteins as a target of endogenous cytokinins in the control of root gravitropism.
Journal Article
Asymmetric Effects of Informed Trading on the Cost of Equity Capital
We decompose
PIN
, the probability of informed trading, into good-news (
PIN_G
) and bad-news (
PIN_B
) components, which we estimate at a quarterly frequency. We first assess the validity of
PIN
as a measure of informed trading by calculating its association with measures of the adverse-selection component of the cost of trading. We then provide new evidence that
PIN_G
and
PIN_B
capture informed trading around earnings announcements by showing that they predict positive and negative earnings surprises, respectively. Conjecturing that investors who take long positions will be more concerned about informed selling than about informed buying since the former depresses the sale price whereas the latter raises it, we then investigate asymmetry in the pricing of private information. We find strong evidence of such asymmetry in that the effect of
PIN_B
on the cost of equity capital is large and highly significant, whereas the effect of
PIN_G
is small and statistically insignificant.
Data, as supplemental material, are available at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2250
.
This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance
.
Journal Article
Numerical Investigation of Enhanced Heat Transfer with Micro Pin Fins in Heat Exchangers
Pin-fin and flat-tube heat exchangers (PFFTHXs) offer a promising alternative to traditional louvered-fin and flat-tube heat exchangers (LFFTHXs), especially when used as evaporators. The streamlined structure of pin fins helps to effectively remove condensate and defrost water. In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis of 60 different pin-fin configurations across three pin diameters to enhance heat transfer in PFFTHXs. Our investigation focused on how pin pitch affects both airflow and heat transfer efficiency. The results show that a closer pin pitch increases both the heat transfer rate per unit area and the pressure drop for a given airflow velocity. We evaluated the overall performance of these configurations using the heat transfer rate per unit frontal area obtained at equivalent fan power levels. The analysis identified optimal configurations for each pin diameter, with the 0.2 mm diameter configuration demonstrating the highest heat transfer efficiency—this was on par with louvered fins but used fewer resources. This makes it an ideal choice for evaporative applications in PFFTHXs.
Journal Article