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\"This book is designed as a complete guide to manufacturing, installation, inspection, testing and commissioning of process plant piping. It provides exhaustive coverage of the entire piping spool fabrication, including receiving material inspection at site, material traceability, installation of spools at site, inspection, testing, and pre-commissioning activities. In nutshell, it serves as a complete guide to piping fabrication and erection. In addition, typical formats for use in piping fabrication for effective implementation of QA/QC requirements, inspection and test plans, and typical procedures for all types of testing are included\"-- Provided by publisher.

For the low design efficiency and poor design quality in the piping layout design of the launch vehicle, the article raises a piping automatic layout method which is based on the geometry. In order to realize the piping automatic layout design, the method need the position coordinates and direction vector for both of the initial point and termination point. The article verifies the feasibility of the method by developing the piping automatic layout design system for the launch vehicle.

Eliminate or reduce unwanted emissions with the piping engineering techniques and strategies contained in this book Piping Engineering: Preventing Fugitive Emission in the Oil and Gas Industry is a practical and comprehensive examination of strategies for the reduction or avoidance of fugitive emissions in the oil and gas industry. The book covers key considerations and calculations for piping and fitting design and selection, maintenance, and troubleshooting to eliminate or reduce emissions, as well as the various components that can allow for or cause them, including piping flange joints. The author explores leak detection and repair (LDAR), a key technique for managing fugitive emissions. He also discusses piping stresses, like principal, displacement, sustained, occasional, and reaction loads, and how to calculate these loads and acceptable limits. Various devices to tighten the bolts for flanges are described, as are essential flange fabrications and installation tolerances. The book also includes: * Various methods and calculations for corrosion rate calculation, flange leakage analysis, and different piping load measurements * Industry case studies that include calculations, codes, and references * Focuses on critical areas related to piping engineering to prevent emission, including material and corrosion, stress analysis, flange joints, and weld joints * Coverage of piping material selection for offshore oil and gas and onshore refineries and petrochemical plants Ideal for professionals in the oil and gas industry and mechanical and piping engineers, Piping Engineering: Preventing Fugitive Emission in the Oil and Gas Industry is also a must-read resource for environmental engineers in the public and private sectors.

1. Predicting population responses to environmental conditions or management scenarios is a fundamental challenge for conservation. Proper consideration of demographic, environmental and parameter uncertainties is essential for projecting population trends and optimal conservation strategies. 2. We developed a coupled integrated population model-Bayesian population viability analysis to assess the (1) impact of demographic rates (survival, fecundity, immigration) on past population dynamics; (2) population viability 10 years into the future; and (3) efficacy of possible management strategies for the federally endangered Great Lakes piping plover Charadrius meiodus population. 3. Our model synthesizes long-term population survey, nest monitoring and mark-resight data, while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty. We incorporated latent abundance of eastern North American merlins Falco columbarius, a primary predator of adult plovers, as a covariate on adult survival via a parallel state-space model, accounting for the influence of an imperfectly observed process (i.e. predation pressure) on population viability. 4. Mean plover abundance increased from 18 pairs in 1993 to 75 pairs in 2016, but annual population growth (λ̄t) was projected to be 0.95 (95% Cl 0.72-1.12), suggesting a potential decline to 67 pairs within 10 years. Without accounting for an expanding merlin population, we would have concluded that the plover population was projected to increase (λ̄t = 1.02; 95% Cl 0.94-1.09) to 91 pairs by 2026. We compared four conservation scenarios: (1) no proposed management; (2) increased control of chick predators (e.g. Corvidae, Laridae, mammals); (3) increased merlin control; and (4) simultaneous chick predator and merlin control. Compared to the null scenario, chick predator control reduced quasi-extinction probability from 11.9% to 8.7%, merlin control more than halved (3.5%) the probability and simultaneous control reduced quasi-extinction probability to 2.6%. 5. Synthesis and applications. Piping plover recovery actions should consider systematic predator control, rather than current ad hoc protocols, especially given the predicted increase in regional merlin abundance. This approach of combining integrated population models with Bayesian population viability analysis to identify limiting components of the population cycle and evaluate alternative management strategies for conservation decision-making shows great utility for aiding recovery of threatened populations.

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence technology and big data science are emerging rapidly. To apply these informational technologies to the engineering industries, it is essential to digitize the data that are currently archived in image or hard-copy format. For previously created design drawings, the consistency between the design products is reduced in the digitization process, and the accuracy and reliability of estimates of the equipment and materials by the digitized drawings are remarkably low. In this paper, we propose a method and system of automatically recognizing and extracting design information from imaged piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) drawings and automatically generating digitized drawings based on the extracted data by using digital image processing techniques such as template matching and sliding window method. First, the symbols are recognized by template matching and extracted from the imaged P&ID drawing and registered automatically in the database. Then, lines and text are recognized and extracted from in the imaged P&ID drawing using the sliding window method and aspect ratio calculation, respectively. The extracted symbols for equipment and lines are associated with the attributes of the closest text and are stored in the database in neutral format. It is mapped with the predefined intelligent P&ID information and transformed to commercial P&ID tool formats with the associated information stored. As illustrated through the validation case studies, the intelligent digitized drawings generated by the above automatic conversion system, the consistency of the design product is maintained, and the problems experienced with the traditional and manual P&ID input method by engineering companies, such as time consumption, missing items, and misspellings, are solved through the final fine-tune validation process.

In this paper, according to the structural composition of the cooling water system of a 6500DWT bulk carrier, the model of the seawater cooling system is established by applying AFT Impulse software. First, the system is analyzed in a steady state; then, considering the characteristics of the system operation, we determine the typical valve shutdown and pump stopping conditions to be analyzed to elaborate the influence of water hammer pressure on the piping system in different conditions. Then, we calibrate to ensure the system complies with the design requirements. Aiming at the working conditions where the water hammer phenomenon occurs, different water hammer protection measures are set up and optimized to avoid the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon when the valve closes quickly and the pump stops running to ensure the safety and controllability of the cooling water system.

In the process of complex equipment work, the piping system plays a very important role. The rationality and precision of the layout design results will affect the service life of complex equipment. This article analyzes the targets, laying principles, commonly used laying models, and laying obstacles for complex equipment with multiple pipelines in bundles. The author studied the key points of intelligent optimization of single-target pipeline and multi-target pipeline laying in bundles of complex equipment. The purpose of this article is to optimize the piping system layout and improve the safety of complex equipment during operation.

Turbo pumps used to transport liquefied natural gas are required stable performance over a wide range of flow rates and high suction performance. Cavitation in turbopumps is a serious problem due to the degradation of stability, self-excited oscillation, noise, and erosion of components. With the installation of a low-solidity fan-type inducer to improve suction performance, cavitation induced instability phenomena with self-excited oscillation in the low flow range have been observed. The authors reported the existence of a backflow developing from the impeller wearing to the rear of the inducer, suggesting cavitation instability in low-solidity inducers. Although there have been cases of attempts to suppress cavitation instability by changing the blade geometry of fan-type inducers, there are only a limited number of studies using such turbopumps as test models. Increasing the suction performance and suppressing cavitation instability phenomena requires more knowledge about the basic entire piping system included pumps causing cavitation instability phenomena. In this study, the relationship between the characteristics of the entire piping system included pumps and cavitation instability was investigated mainly by measuring the specific frequencies of the pump system from the hammering test.

The mechanical stress improvement process (MSIP) is a crucial technique employed in nuclear power plants to enhance the reliability and safety of piping systems, which are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This study aims to address the significant challenge of preventing such failures by effectively eliminating residual tensile stresses present in weldments. By mitigating these stresses, MSIP helps prevent the formation of new cracks and slows the progression of existing ones in piping systems. This approach induces beneficial compressive stresses along the inner surface of the pipe near the weld, including the molten and heat-affected zones. Multiple cases were analyzed through numerical simulations to assess the efficacy of MSIP in reducing stress concentrations and enhancing structural integrity. Furthermore, the dimensions and placement of the MSIP tool were evaluated, revealing that the optimal position and width of the clamp are 30 mm from the weld line (WL) and 75 mm, respectively. The results indicate that the WL region experiences significantly high compressive stresses, which gradually decrease within a 10-mm distance on each side of the WL. This research contributes valuable insights into the application of MSIP in improving the durability and safety of nuclear piping systems.