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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a problem worldwide. Oxidative stress is important factor in beginning and progress of MAFLD. This study is the first clinical trial with the aim of determining the effect of Pistacia atlantica Sub. Kurdica gum on oxidative status in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial 50 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease were randomized into two groups: those given syrup containing Pistacia atlantica sub. Kurdica gum (Group A), those on placebo (Group B). Over a two-month period, Group A given syrup containing 500 mg of P. atlantica sub. Kurdica gum per each tablespoon and Group B given syrup without P. atlantica sub. Kurdica gum. Anthropometric measures, serum oxidative markers and physical activity were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. We observed a significant decrease in fatty liver grade in group A ( P  = 0.03). In the end of intervention had not been show significant change in serum total antioxidant capacity (TOS) in group A ( P  = 0.91) and group B (0.70). Serum total oxidant status (TAC) had been show increase in group A and decrease in group B but this changes not significant as within group ( P  = 0.36, P  = 0.53, respectively) and between group ( P  = 0.66). The mean of Malondialdehid (MDA) had significant decrease from baseline in group A ( P  = 0.002) and had non-significant increase in group B ( P  = 0.65). The between-group comparison of changes of MDA had been show a significant difference ( P  = 0.025). As well as, after adjusting for baseline characteristics (Age, Gender, Physical activity, BMI), there were not significant differences between A and B groups in the changes comparison of TOS and TAC except for MDA ( p  < 0.032). Weight had significant decrease in group A ( P  = 0 < 001). Pistacia atlantica sub. Kurdica gum can improve some oxidative status indices, particularly lipid peroxidation and subsequently MAFLD in patient with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, but further studies with larger samples, longer duration and dose-response assessment will be needed. Trial registration: IRCT20231219060466N1, 2024-01-05 (https//irct.behdasht.gov.ir/).

In this study, a novel hydrophobic polysulfide (NPS) reagent was synthesized using Pistacia atlantica gum and sulfur powder under hydrothermal conditions. Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) functionalized with curcumin (BCur) and TiO 2 nanoparticles were coated with the NPS reagent. Subsequently, cotton fabrics were dip-coated separately with NPS, NPS-BCur, and NPS-TiO 2 , resulting in the fabrication of superhydrophobic filters with water contact angles (WCA) exceeding 150°. The reagents and coated fabrics were thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, X-ray mapping, and WCA measurements. The filters demonstrated exceptional performance in separating oil-water mixtures, achieving separation efficiencies of 91–98.6%. Even after 20 recycling cycles, negligible changes were observed in WCA and separation efficiency. The use of natural materials, eco-friendly synthesis, high durability, and outstanding separation performance underscore the sustainability and practicality of these superhydrophobic cotton fabrics.

The escalating incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates novel therapeutic strategies targeting antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Silver/zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag/ZnO NCs) were green-synthesized using Pistacia atlantica leaf extract. Comprehensive characterization confirmed spherical nanocomposites with an average size of 18.1 nm and uniform distribution. The NCs exhibited strong antimicrobial activity with MICs of 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL against clinical MRSA and S. aureus ATCC 6538, reducing biofilm formation by ~ 98%. Treatment at 1/2× MIC significantly downregulated biofilm-associated genes (icaA, icaD, clfA, clfB, fnbA) and the mecA resistance gene. Ag/ZnO NCs showed dose-dependent anticancer effects (IC₅₀ = 22.36 µg/mL) against melanoma A375 cells with lower cytotoxicity toward normal fibroblasts (IC₅₀ = 48.79 µg/mL) and notable antioxidant activity. These findings establish rationale for in vivo validation of green-synthesized Ag/ZnO NCs as multifunctional antimicrobial and anticancer agents.

Context: The widespread use of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ssp. (Anacardiaceae) in traditional medicine can be partly attributed to the content of its secondary metabolites, in particular, the phenolic compounds.Objective: The effects of harvest period, growing region and gender on the phenolic compounds, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents were studied, as well as on the antioxidant activities of P. atlantica leaves in order to provide a scientific basis for optimal collection.Materials and methods: Leaves were collected monthly from April to October 2010 in two Algerian sites. The powdered leaves were used for preparing the ethyl acetate extract. Contents of total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (FC) and condensed tannins (CTC) were determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity (RSA) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (250 μM) and the reducing power capacity (RPC) determination by K3Fe(CN)6 (1%).Results: The TPC was found to vary from 79 ± 13 to 259 ± 8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight (DW) during the study period. The RSA and RPC varied between 262 ± 18 and 675 ± 21 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE)/g DW, and from 259 ± 16 to 983 ± 20 mg AAE/g DW, respectively. A seasonal pattern was observed consisting of a decrease in TPC content and RPC from spring to autumn. The FC, CTC and RSA did not show a seasonal pattern.Discussion and conclusion: Our findings showed that secondary metabolite content and antioxidant activities of P. atlantica leaves were more influenced by harvest time and growing region than by gender.

A growing body of research is dedicated to developing new therapeutic agents for wound healing with fewer adverse effects. One of the proceedings being taken today in wound healing research is to identify promising biological materials that not only heal wounds but also vanish scarring. The effectiveness of nanofibers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in improving wound healing can be related to their unique properties. Desf. subsp. (Zohary) Rech. f. ( ) [Anacardiaceae], also known as \"Baneh\" in traditional Iranian medicine, is one of the most effective herbal remedies for the treatment of different diseases like skin injuries due to its numerous pharmacological and biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial effects. Our study aimed to evaluate the wound-healing activity of nanofibers containing PVA/ oleo-gum-resin in two rat models of burn and excision wound repair. PVA/ nanofibers were prepared using the electrospinning method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and mechanical properties of nanofibers were explored. Diffusion and releasing experiments of nanofibers were performed by the UV visible method at different time intervals and up to 72 h. The animal models were induced by excision and burn in Wistar rat's skin and the wound surface area was measured during the experiment for 10 and 21 days, respectively. On the last day, the wound tissue was removed for histological studies, and serum oxidative factors were measured to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the PVA/ . Data analysis was performed using ImageJ, Expert Design, and statistical analysis methods. PVA/ nanofibers were electrospun at different voltages (15, 18, and 20 kV). The most suitable fibers were obtained when the nozzle was positioned 15 cm away from the collector, with a working voltage of 15 kV, and an injection rate of 0.5 mm per hour, using the 30:70 w/v gum. In the SEM images, it was found that the surface tension of the polymer solution decreased by adding the gum and yield thinner and longer fibers at a voltage of 15 kV with an average diameter of 96 ± 24 nm. The mechanical properties of PVA/ nanofibers showed that the presence of gum increased the tensile strength and decreased the tensile strength of the fibers simultaneously. results showed that PVA/ nanofibers led to a significant reduction in wound size and tissue damage (regeneration of the epidermal layer, higher density of dermal collagen fibers, and lower presence of inflammatory cells) compared to the positive (phenytoin and silver sulfadiazine) and negative control (untreated) groups. Wound contraction was higher in rats treated with PVA/ nanofibers. Additionally, antioxidative serum levels of catalase and glutathione were higher in the PVA/ nanofiber groups even in comparison to positive control groups. oleo-gum-resin-loaded electrospun nanofibers potentially improve excision and burn models of skin scars in rats through antioxidative and tissue regeneration mechanisms.

The Atlas Pistachio ( Desf.) possesses numerous applications for therapeutic purposes. We set out to test various extracts from Desf. fruits and leaves for their anticancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. In addition to discovering the phytochemical profile of extracts responsible for the pharmacological effects that were researched. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was performed against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Anticancer assays were investigated by evaluating the antiproliferative and cytotoxicity potentials against five cancerous cell lines using the [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MMT:Medical training therapy) assay. The phenolic profile was established against phenolic standards using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). In anticholinesterase activity, the extracts of inhibited AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner. The stronger AChE inhibition activity was obtained for the n-BuOH extract of the fruits (IC 47.80 ± 1.03 µg/mL) and compared to the leaf extracts. The results, compared with galantamine, showed a close inhibition activity. extracts also showed the most optimal antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines compared to positive control 5FU (Fluorouracil); the best antiproliferative activity was obtained for the fruit extracts compared to the leaf extracts. The spotted biological activities can be attributed to flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extracts. The HPLC-DAD analysis identified the presence of 18 phytochemicals. The main compounds detected were luteolin, gallic acid, epicatechin, and protocatechuic acid. This study demonstrated moderate anticholinesterase and suitable antiproliferative activities of Desf. extracts, which opens up new possibilities for the pharmaceutical and food industries.This study suggests that the concentrations of phenolic compounds, along with the results of anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities found in the fruit and leaf extracts of Desf, indicate this plant holds promise for pharmaceutical and food application industries.

Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Persian turpentine tree) is considered as one of the most important species of Zagros forests and plays a significant role in the economy of local exploiters. In this study, the resistance of this species to micro-dust has been evaluated. For this purpose, 40 potted seedlings were prepared and transferred to the study area. Seedlings were divided into two groups of n = 20 as micro-dust treatment and control. Seedlings were irrigated every three days and, in each irrigation, the leaves of control pots were washed with irrigation water to remove micro-dust, but in pots treated by dust, water was poured in pots only for irrigation of the seedlings. At first, leaf anatomical properties of this species were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and then, the effect of micro-dust on the anatomical properties of the leaves as well as some physiological activities of this species has been investigated. The results SEM examination showed that there are two types of glandular and solitary trichome on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves. The epicuticular waxes were thin and flakes. According to the results, rare trichomes on the leaf surfaces and the waxy coverage had no significant impact on the deposition of micro-dust in P. atlantica. Meanwhile, on the adaxial surface of the leaves, there was more blocked stomatal aperture by micro-dust (31%) than on the abaxial surface of the leaves (7%). The amount of micro-dust deposited on the leaves of this species had no significant effect on the reduction of chlorophyll, photosynthesis and gas exchange as well as the content of the leaf proline. Regarding to the low susceptibility of P. atlantica to micro-dust phenomenon and on the other hand, its ecological and economical importance in the Zagros forests, the cultivation and the conservation of this species in that area are highly recommended.

In this research, antioxidant activity of Pistacia atlantica var mutica (a wild type of pistachio in Iran) kernel oil (PAKO) and unsaponifiable matters of kernel oil (UKO) were compared with those of sesame seed oil (SSO) and rice bran oil (RBO) as well as with their unsaponifiable matters (USO and UBO) and α-tocopherol (natural antioxidant) was selected as control. Also, some chemical properties such as (FRAP, DPPH radical-scavenging, rancimat and oven assays (peroxide value and carbonyl value) were assessed. The amount of unsaponifiable matters of studied oils was between 1.4 and 3.5%. The highest total phenolics was observed in SSO (1024 mg/kg), followed by RBO, and PAKO was 174, and 75 mg/kg, respectively. In DPPH radical-scavenging assay, the EC50 values of PAKO, SSO, RBO, UKO, USO, UBO, and α-tocopherol were determined as 38.9, 50, 48.4, 14, 12.7, 15.9 and 61.4 mg/mL, respectively. In FRAP assay, the highest value was nominated for UKO (434 mmol/L); followed by USO, UBO, PAKO, SSO, RBO and α-tocopherol (404, 357, 364, 298, 210 and 58 mmol/L; respectively). Also, considering the results of oven test, the incorporation of UKO into pure sunflower oil resulted in the highest oxidative stability; followed by UBO, USO, PAKO, SSO, RBO and α-tocopherol. According to results of the rancimat test, the incorporation of unsaponifiable matters (UKO, USO, and UBO) resulted in the highest oil/oxidative stability index (OSI) in pure sunflower oil, followed by oils studied (PAKO, SSO, and RBO). According to results, UKO had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by USO, UBO, PAKO, SSO, RBO, and α-tocopherol.

Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Atlas pistachio) is one of the most widely distributed wild species of the genus. It is an Irano–Touranian species with a large geographic area that extends from the Canary Islands to Pamir Mountains. Since ancient times, atlas pistachio gum-like resin and fruits, very rich in essential oils (EOs) and fixed oils (FOs), respectively, were used in traditional medicine and included in different traditional cosmetics and health and beauty products. Since then, Atlas pistachio fixed oil is incorporated into several soaps, creams and shampoos to benefit from its medicinal properties. Atlas pistachio fixed oils, resin and leaf essential oils are constituted by several bioactive compounds such as monoterpenes with α-pinene and β-pinene in the resin, terpinen-4-ol, elemol, sesquiterpenes with D-germacrene and E-caryophyllene in the leaves and oxygenated monoterpenes (bornyl acetate) in the fruits. The unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acid), sterols (β-sitostero) and tocopherols represented the principal compounds in fatty oil fruits. All these compounds exhibit great therapeutic and cosmetic virtues. Unlike lentisk oil uses in cosmetology, the cosmetic potentials of Atlas pistachio oils remain less valued. In the current review, we seek to highlight the characteristics and properties of Atlas pistachio oils in the prospects of the development of new and different cosmetic formulations as well as an innovative valuation of active ingredients and products inspired by indigenous knowledge and practices.

Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica (PAM) and kurdica (PAK) kernel oils showed significantly lower unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios (6.39, 6.33, respectively) and calculated oxidizability (Cox) values (3.99, 4.13, respectively) than those of the P. vera L. cv. Ohadi (PVO) kernel oil (8.91, 4.41) samples. The highest peroxide value was observed for the PAK oil (4.07 mequiv kg⁻¹) (PAM, 1.94; PVO, 0.37) samples. Iodine values for the PAM, PAK, and PVO oils were 104.26, 104.77, and 110.66, respectively. The saponification number of the PVO oil was significantly greater than the PAM and PAK oils, which were statistically not different. The unsaponifiable contents, which were composed mainly of sterols, ranged from 5.63 to 6.14%. Statistically the total tocopherols contents of the PAM (818.58 mg α-tocopherol kg⁻¹) and PVO (815.90 mg α-tocopherol kg⁻¹) oils were significantly higher than that of the PAK oil (499.91 mg α-tocopherol kg⁻¹). Total phenolics contents differed significantly, the greatest concentration was for the PAM oil (81.12 mg gallic acid kg⁻¹), followed by the PVO (62.84 mg gallic acid kg⁻¹) and PAK (56.51 mg gallic acid kg⁻¹) oil samples. The wax contents of the oil samples were statistically in the same range, namely 5.67-6.48%. Oxidative stability data indicated that the PAM oil is the most resistant to the formation of lipid oxidation products, followed by the PAK and PVO oil samples.