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In the second half of the eighteenth century, Dutch bankers channeled investors’ funds to sugar and coffee plantations in the Caribbean, Surinam in particular. Agency problems between plantation owners, bankers, and investors led to an arrangement called negotiaties. Bankers oversaw plantations’ cash flows and placed mortgage debt with investors. We demonstrate how this securitization arrangement worked using market-wide data and detailed records from banker F. W. Hudig. During the boom, debt contracts and their securitization were an effective solution for planters, bankers, and investors. However, the market crashed after an oversupply of credit. This led to inefficient restructuring due to debt overhang.

The plantation household was, first and foremost, a site of production. This fundamental fact has generally been overshadowed by popular and scholarly images of the plantation household as the source of slavery's redeeming qualities, where 'gentle' mistresses ministered to 'loyal' slaves. This book recounts a very different story. The very notion of a private sphere, as divorced from the immoral excesses of chattel slavery as from the amoral logic of market laws, functioned to conceal from public scrutiny the day-to-day struggles between enslaved women and their mistresses, subsumed within a logic of patriarchy. One of emancipation's unsung consequences was precisely the exposure to public view of the unbridgeable social distance between the women on whose labor the plantation household relied and the women who employed them. This is a story of race and gender, nation and citizenship, freedom and bondage in the nineteenth century South; a big abstract story that is composed of equally big personal stories.

On the eve of the Revolution, the Carolina lowcountry was the wealthiest and unhealthiest region in British North America. Slavery, Disease, and Suffering in the Southern Lowcountry argues that the two were intimately connected: both resulted largely from the dominance of rice cultivation on plantations using imported African slave labor. This development began in the coastal lands near Charleston, South Carolina, around the end of the seventeenth century. Rice plantations spread north to the Cape Fear region of North Carolina and south to Georgia and northeast Florida in the late colonial period. The book examines perceptions and realities of the lowcountry disease environment; how the lowcountry became notorious for its 'tropical' fevers, notably malaria and yellow fever; how people combated, avoided or perversely denied the suffering they caused; and how diseases and human responses to them influenced not only the lowcountry and the South, but the United States, even helping to secure American independence.

Danish glacial landscape elements such as basal till plains, hummocky moraine areas and outwash plains contain a variety of small and large depressions. They were probably formed in glacial, late-glacial or Holocene time and may represent dead-ice holes or degraded pingos, or sinkholes formed by interaction between pre-Quaternary chalk or limestone bedrock and the thin glacial co ver. The aim of this study is to map terrain depressions that might potentially be karst sinkholes by analysing digital terrain models in the geographic information system (GIS). The incentive to apply the technique for mapping of sinkholes came from an accidental acquaintance with a farmer, Jens Kirk, whose farmland is located near Thisted. Jens Kirk told us that the front end of his tractor had suddenly sunk into the ground during routine farming work, and this incident was our inspiration to start the project described here.

The paper considers the options for optimizing the placement of areas planted with fruit and berry crops for the Chishminsk State Fruit Nursery of the Republic of Bashkortostan based on analyzing the forms of reporting on the financial and economic state of MUAE Chishminsk State Fruit Nursery of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Growing American Rubberexplores America's quest during tense decades of the twentieth century to identify a viable source of domestic rubber. Straddling international revolutions and world wars, this unique and well-researched history chronicles efforts of leaders in business, science, and government to sever American dependence on foreign suppliers. Mark Finlay plots out intersecting networks of actors including Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, prominent botanists, interned Japanese Americans, Haitian peasants, and ordinary citizensùall of whom contributed to this search for economic self-sufficiency. Challenging once-familiar boundaries between agriculture and industry and field and laboratory, Finlay also identifies an era in which perceived boundaries between natural and synthetic came under review. Although synthetic rubber emerged from World War II as one solution, the issue of ever-diminishing natural resources and the question of how to meet twenty-first-century consumer, military, and business demands lingers today.

This book presents a historical account of plantations in India in the context of the modern world economy. It brings history up to the present, thereby showing how history can assist in explaining contemporary conditions and trends. The author focuses on labour and economic development problems and uses the World Systems theory so as to demonstrate the practical utility of the theory and its limitations as a guide to historical research. Based on extensive archival research, the book interprets the dynamics of plantation capitalism by focusing on the work, life and struggle of the dalits on plantations in colonial and post-colonial South India as they evolved from the mid-19th century. It argues that these elements of the plantation life-world were fashioned by the specific characteristics of the workers' location within the capitalist world-economy, the then prevailing local social structure and the scheme of disciplining to which the workers were subjected to. Treating the relations among various social forces – the planting communities, the oppressed communities (dalits in India), the regional and national state, and the Imperial regime, this book fills a gap in academic literature on capitalism, economic development, and globalization. 1. Premises 2. Periphery in the Making 3. Capital(s) in Conflict and Consensus: The British Plantocracy versus the Provincial Bourgeoisie 4. Plantation Worker-Families: Sources, Social Origins and Gender Divisions 5. Slaves Reborn? The Disciplinary-Punishment Regime 6. Global Accumulation, Local Immiserisation 7. Identities, Historical Consciousness and Conflicts 8. The Post-colonial State: Re-alignment in Power Relations? 9. Colonial Legacy, Neo-liberal Predicaments and Peripheral Labour: Concluding Remarks K. Ravi Raman is a labour historian and political economist currently based at the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester, UK. He formerly held the Hallsworth Research Fellowship in the same department (2005-08) and the South Asia Visiting fellowship at the Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford (1999), and is the editor of Development, Democracy and the State , Routledge, forthcoming 2010. \"Global Capital and Peripheral Labour fills a gap that existed earlier on the subject of plantation labor and is a welcome and useful entry to the literature.\" - Susan Wolcott, Binghamton University

The great majority of the South's plantation homes have been destroyed over time, and many have long been forgotten. InLost Plantations of the South, Marc R. Matrana weaves together photographs, diaries and letters, architectural renderings, and other rare documents to tell the story of sixty of these vanquished estates and the people who once called them home. From plantations that were destroyed by natural disaster such as Alabama's Forks of Cypress, to those that were intentionally demolished such as Seven Oaks in Louisiana and Mount Brilliant in Kentucky, Matrana resurrects these lost mansions. Including plantations throughout the South as well as border states, Matrana carefully tracks the histories of each from the earliest days of construction to the often contentious struggles to preserve these irreplaceable historic treasures.Lost Plantations of the Southexplores the root causes of demise and provides understanding and insight on how lessons learned in these sad losses can help prevent future preservation crises. Capturing the voices of masters and mistresses alongside those of slaves, and featuring more than one hundred elegant archival illustrations, this book explores the powerful and complex histories of these cardinal homes across the South.

Mohammed Bashir Salau addresses the neglected literature on Atlantic Slavery in West Africa by looking at the plantation operations at Fanisau in Hausaland, and in the process provides an innovative look at one piece of the historically significant Sokoto Caliphate.