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"Plastic debris"
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Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste
An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste.
The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.
eBook
Plastic, ahoy! : investigating the great Pacific garbage patch
A team of scientists explore the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, where millions of pieces of plastic have gathered, having drifted there from rivers, beaches, and ocean traffic all over the world.
BOOK
Measuring Marine Plastic Debris from Space: Initial Assessment of Observation Requirements
Sustained observations are required to determine the marine plastic debris mass balance and to support effective policy for planning remedial action. However, observations currently remain scarce at the global scale. A satellite remote sensing system could make a substantial contribution to tackling this problem. Here, we make initial steps towards the potential design of such a remote sensing system by: (1) identifying the properties of marine plastic debris amenable to remote sensing methods and (2) highlighting the oceanic processes relevant to scientific questions about marine plastic debris. Remote sensing approaches are reviewed and matched to the optical properties of marine plastic debris and the relevant spatio-temporal scales of observation to identify challenges and opportunities in the field. Finally, steps needed to develop marine plastic debris detection by remote sensing platforms are proposed in terms of fundamental science as well as linkages to ongoing planning for satellite systems with similar observation requirements.
Journal Article
Sunakay
\"El mar se ha convertido en un inmenso vertedero sin rastro de vida submarina. Dos hermanas sobreviven en una isla de plástico, entre la basura. Un pequeño accidente cambiará el rumbo de las cosas. Una fuerza atávica está a punto de emerger. Sunakay es una oda a nuestros mares y un himno a la necesidad de proteger el planeta, más allá de ser un álbum sobre los plásticos en el mar.\"-- Provided by publisher
The effect of wind mixing on the vertical distribution of buoyant plastic debris
Micro‐plastic marine debris is widely distributed in vast regions of the subtropical gyres and has emerged as a major open ocean pollutant. The fate and transport of plastic marine debris is governed by poorly understood geophysical processes, such as ocean mixing within the surface boundary layer. Based on profile observations and a one‐dimensional column model, we demonstrate that plastic debris is vertically distributed within the upper water column due to wind‐driven mixing. These results suggest that total oceanic plastics concentrations are significantly underestimated by traditional surface measurements, requiring a reinterpretation of existing plastic marine debris data sets. A geophysical approach must be taken in order to properly quantify and manage this form of marine pollution. Key Points Plastic debris is vertically distributed due to wind‐driven upper ocean mixing Traditional measurements significantly underestimate marine plastic content A geophysical approach must be taken to quantify marine plastic pollution
Journal Article
Hogar
Una tortuga invita a conocer su hogar en las profundidades del mar y el impacto que está teniendo el plástico en nuestros océanos. La única manera de acabar con la contaminación por plásticos es que todos nos impliquemos. Necesitamos cambiar las cosas. HOGAR es una sobrecogedora historia sobre el impacto que tiene en las tortugas los centenares de residuos y deshechos de plástico que acabamos lanzando al mar. Victoria Furze nos muestra, a través de esta bellísima historia ilustrada, la realidad que azota la vida en el mar y nuestros bellos fondos marinos y nos motiva a buscar una solución entre todos.
Plastic waste and recycling : environmental impact, societal issues, prevention, and solutions
Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable.
eBook
Seine Plastic Debris Transport Tenfolded During Increased River Discharge
Rivers transport land-based plastic waste into the ocean. Current efforts to quantify riverine plastic emission come with uncertainty as field observations are scarce. One of the challenging aspects is the lack of consistent measurement methods that allow for comparing rivers over space and time. Recent studies have shown that simple visual observations provide a robust first-order characterization of floating and superficially suspended plastic transport, both in quantity, spatiotemporal distribution and composition. For this study, we applied this method to the river Seine, France, to provide new insights in the spatiotemporal variation in riverine plastic transport. First, we studied the response of plastic flow to increased river discharge by comparing measurements taken during low flow and high flow periods. Second, we investigated the variation of riverine plastic transport over the river length to improve our understanding of the origin and fate of riverine plastics. We demonstrate that during a period with higher river discharge, plastic transport increased up to a factor ten at the observation point closest to the river mouth. Upstream of Paris plastic transport increased only with a factor 1.5, suggesting that most plastics originate from Paris or areas further downstream. With this paper we aim to shed additional light on the seasonal variation in riverine plastic transport and its distribution along the river length, which may benefit future long-term monitoring efforts and plastic pollution mitigation strategies.
Journal Article
