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"Plutarch Knowledge History."
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Plutarch and the Historical Tradition
These essays, by experts in the field from five countries, examine Plutarch's interpretative and artistic reshaping of his historical sources in representative lives. Diverse essays treat literary elements such as the parallelism which renders a pair of lives a unit or the themes which unify the lives. Others consider the selecting, combining, simplifying, and enlarging employed in composition. The construction of a Plutarchian life, the essays demonstrate, required careful selection and creative reworking of the historical material available.
Contributors : Chris Pelling , Oxford; F.E. Brenk , Pontifical Institute, Rome; Brian Bosworth , Perth; Monica Affortunati , Florence; Louis Garcia Moreno , Alcala; Judith Mossman , Dublin; Barbara Scardigli , Florence
eBook
Ethical education in Plutarch
The volumes published in the series Beiträge zur Altertumskunde comprise monographs, collective volumes, editions, translations and commentaries on various topics from the fields of Greek and Latin Philology, Ancient History, Archeology, Ancient Philosophy as well as Classical Reception Studies. The series thus offers indispensable research tools for a wide range of disciplines related to Ancient Studies.
eBook
The Rhetoric of Transparency: Telling Knowledge in Ancient Medical and Forensic Texts
This paper investigates the role of rhetoric within ancient medicine by setting medical writings in dialogue with contemporary forensic texts. Reading across these two genres allows us to capture the shared ways in which early medical and forensic discourse mobilise rhetoric in response to the epistemological limits of medical and forensic practice. Both medical and forensic discourse frame factual and practical knowledge as the remedy to the slippages of words, but at the same time they need words to formulate and validate their tentative knowledge of those very facts. Select readings from the Epidemics illustrate the importance of a rhetorically structured narrative in response to uncertain scenarios. Much like the narrative of forensic texts, I argue, the case-histories of the Epidemics try to shape elusive realities through a rhetorical gesture that confers a precise meaning upon them. Rhetoric, the paper concludes, is not merely an embellishment nor a skill. It is, instead, a medium for the communication of knowledge and the negotiation of its limits, even in texts that at first glance seem, or claim, to be devoid of any rhetorical features.
Journal Article
Translation as Remediation: Erasmus, Tudor Noblewomen, and the Humanist Reception of Classical Literature
Goodrich reconsiders indirect translations of ancient Greek texts made by Queen Elizabeth and Jane Lumley, Tudor noblewomen who received cutting-edge humanist educations during the middle of the sixteenth century. Both produced English translations of works that might appear to confirm their extraordinary learning: Lumley translated Euripides's play Iphigenia at Aulis, and Elizabeth translated Plutarch's \"De curiositate\". However, scholars have shown that these women worked from intermediary Latin translations made by Erasmus. The critical reaction to these revelations has ranged from disappointment at Lumley's limited Greek to outright disdain at Elizabeth's ostensible attempt to deceive contemporaries. Arguing that translation involves the remediation of a text's cultural, formal, linguistic, and material elements, this essay identifies Erasmus, Elizabeth, and Lumley as participants in a humanist tradition of remediating classical texts. This case study demonstrates the previously overlooked cultural value of indirect translation within sixteenth-century England and provides a theoretical framework for redressing the modern critical bias toward direct translation.
Journal Article
Shadows of Instruction: Optics and Classical Authorities in Kepler's \Somnium\
Kepler's Somnium is a fantastical story about the world on the moon. It presents a heliocentric world-picture established through a total conversion of the meaning and place of observation in the hierarchy of knowledge. This epistemological program is construed through a critical adaptation of Lucian's \"True Story,\" and Plutarch's \"The Face on the Moon.\" Utilizing his new optics, embodied in the Camera obscura, Kepler inverts the meaning of these classical texts together with the reader's point of view. Astronomical knowledge is vindicated and scientific observation is the only way out of an obscure and mannerist dream.
Journal Article
Tragical Dreamer: Some Dreams in the Roman Historians
There are many ways of classifying dreams. This paper is concerned with only one, perhapsthe most fundamental: one which also – we are told – captures the most important difference between modern and ancient dream-interpretation. Ancient audiences were primed to expect dreams to be prophetic, to come from outside and give knowledge, however ambiguously, of the future, or at least of the otherwise unknowable present. This sort of dream is hard to distinguish from the ‘night-time vision’, and indeed it is sometimes hard with dreams in ancient literature to tell whether the recipient is asleep or not. For moderns, especially but not only Freudians, dreams come from within, and are interesting for what they tell us about the current psychology of the dreamer: for Freudians, the aspects of the repressed unconscious which fight to the surface; for most or all of us, the way in which dreams re-sort our daytime preoccupations, hopes, and fears. This distinction between ancient and modern was set out and elaborated a few years ago by Simon Price; it was also drawn by Freud himself. At the risk of oversimplification, we could say the first approach assimilates dreams to divination, the second to fantasy - with all the illumination that, as we increasingly realize, fantasy affords into the everyday world, as it juggles the normal patterns of waking reality at the same time as challenging them by their difference.
Journal Article
Never Pure: Historical Studies of Science as if It Was Produced by People with Bodies, Situated in Time, Space, Culture, and Society, and Struggling for Credibility and Authority
Early modern science in general is an excellent window into the \"comparative economics of credibility\" largely because men like Boyle were highly aware of the roles of testimony and authority in creating social knowledge (28). Shapin is interested in the public's influence on what counts as scientific knowledge and tells of his own experience as a young lab assistant in a study of marijuana and LSD. Shapin has no interest in the Incarnation; however, his neo-humanism shares with traditional Christian humanism an emphasis on the social frailty of knowledge and the processes of producing, securing, and managing information.
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