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"Police brutality"
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Police Brutality and Mistrust in Medical Institutions
Background
People bring the social contexts of their lives into the medical encounter. As a social determinant of health, police brutality influences physical and mental health. However, negative experiences with institutions such as law enforcement might decrease trust in other institutions, including medical institutions. Mistrust might limit engagement with the healthcare system and affect population health. This study investigates the relationship between police brutality and medical mistrust and assesses whether it varies by race.
Basic Procedures
Data were obtained from a 2018 cross-sectional survey of adults living in urban areas in the USA (
N
= 4389). Medical mistrust was regressed on police brutality (experiences and appraisal of negative encounters with the police), controlling for socio-demographics, health status, and healthcare access. Means of mistrust were predicted by racial group after including interactions between police brutality and race.
Main Findings
Respondents who had negative encounters with the police, even if they perceived these encounters to be necessary, had higher levels of medical mistrust compared to those with no negative police encounters. Police brutality increased mistrust for all racial groups.
Principal Conclusions
Conditions outside the medical system such as experiencing police brutality impact relationships with the medical system. Given that clinicians are in a unique position of having access to firsthand information about the struggles and injustices that shape their patients’ health, advocating for systemic change on behalf of their patients might build trust.
Journal Article
Living with Insecurity in a Brazilian Favela
The residents of Caxambu, a squatter neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, live in a state of insecurity as they face urban violence. Living with Insecurity in a Brazilian Favela examines how inequality, racism, drug trafficking, police brutality, and gang activities affect the daily lives of the people of Caxambu. Some Brazilians see these communities, known as favelas, as centers of drug trafficking that exist beyond the control of the state and threaten the rest of the city. For other Brazilians, favelas are symbols of economic inequality and racial exclusion. Ben Penglase’s ethnography goes beyond these perspectives to look at how the people of Caxambu themselves experience violence. Although the favela is often seen as a war zone, the residents are linked to each other through bonds of kinship and friendship. In addition, residents often take pride in homes and public spaces that they have built and used over generations. Penglase notes that despite poverty, their lives are not completely defined by illegal violence or deprivation. He argues that urban violence and a larger context of inequality create a social world that is deeply contradictory and ambivalent. The unpredictability and instability of daily experiences result in disagreements and tensions, but the residents also experience their neighborhood as a place of social intimacy. As a result, the social world of the neighborhood is both a place of danger and safety.
eBook
Torture in the National Security Imagination
Reassessing the role of torture in the context of police
violence, mass incarceration, and racial capitalism
At the midpoint of a century of imperial expansion, marked on
one end by the Philippine-American War of 1899-1902 and on the
other by post-9/11 debates over waterboarding, the United States
embraced a vision of \"national security torture,\" one contrived to
cut ties with domestic torture and mass racial terror and to
promote torture instead as a minimalist interrogation tool.
Torture in the National Security Imagination argues that
dispelling this vision requires a new set of questions about the
everyday work that torture does for U.S. society.
Stephanie Athey describes the role of torture in the
proliferation of a U.S. national security stance and imagination:
as U.S. domestic tortures were refined in the Philippines at the
turn of the twentieth century, then in mid-century
counterinsurgency theory and the networks that brought it home in
the form of law-and-order policing and mass incarceration.
Drawing on examples from news to military reports, legal
writing, and activist media, Athey shows that torture must be seen
as a colonial legacy with a corporate future, highlighting the
centrality of torture to the American empire-including its role in
colonial settlement, American Indian boarding schools, and police
violence. She brings to the fore the spectators and commentators,
the communal energy of violence, and the teams and target groups
necessary to a mass undertaking (equipment suppliers, contractors,
bureaucrats, university researchers, and profiteers) to demonstrate
that, at base, torture is propelled by local social functions,
conducted by networked professional collaborations, and publicly
supported by a durable social imaginary.
eBook
Duty or desire
In this adaptation of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, Alejandro and Chrissie, teens from opposite sides of Minneapolis, are drawn together over their shared experience of brutal police attacks, but while Alejandro struggles with divided loyalties between his duty to his family and crew and his obsessive love, Chrissie debates whether to pursue justice or just move on.
Book
Inequities in Anticipatory Stress of Police Brutality and Depressed Mood Among Women
Background
Police brutality towards racially minoritized populations is structural racism. Even though most of the research on the health impacts of police brutality centers the experiences of men, women are also harmed by this structural violence.
Objectives
We identify factors associated with the anticipatory stress of police brutality among women and examine its relationship with depressed mood across ethno-racial categories.
Methods
Data came from the cross-sectional Survey of the Health of Urban Residents in the United States (
N
= 2796). Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with odds of always worrying about the possibility of becoming a victim of police brutality and to examine its association with depression among Latinas, Black, and White women.
Results
Odds of always worrying about police brutality were greater among Black women and Latinas compared to White women. Household history of incarceration was associated with anticipation of police brutality among Black women and Latinas but not among White women. Black women and Latinas with constant anticipation of police brutality and history of incarceration of a household member during their childhood had elevated odds of depressed mood.
Conclusion
Although police brutality harms all women, the stressful anticipation of police brutality does not burden all women equally. Structural racism in communities of color continues to be associated with the anticipatory stress of police brutality and it harms the mental health of women of color. Developing policies to eliminate structural racism and for the allocation of resources to persons who are strongly impacted by these injustices is important.
Journal Article
