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Federal intervention in American police departments
\"For much of American history, the federal government has played a limited role in local police regulation. That all changed in 1994, when Congress passed a little known statute that permitted the US Attorney General to reform troubled police department. Since then, many of the nation's largest police departments - including those in Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle, Washington, DC, Seattle, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Albuquerque - have been subject to federal oversight. But until recently, we've known little about how this federal process works. Drawing on original interviews, court documents, statistical data, and media reports, this book provides the first comprehensive account of federal intervention in American police departments. It shows that, under the right circumstances, federal intervention is uniquely effective at combating misconduct in police departments. However, federal intervention is far from perfect. This book concludes by arguing that Congress should expand and improve federal oversight of policing\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
What the data say about police brutality and racial bias — and which reforms might work
Some interventions could help to reduce racism and rein in the use of unnecessary force in police work, but the evidence base is still evolving.
Some interventions could help to reduce racism and rein in the use of unnecessary force in police work, but the evidence base is still evolving.
Journal Article
They wished they were honest
In fifty years of prosecuting and defending criminal cases in New York City and elsewhere,Michael F. Armstrong has often dealt with cops. For a single two-year span, as chief counsel to the Knapp Commission, he was charged with investigating them. Based on Armstrong's vivid recollections of this watershed moment in law enforcement accountability—prompted by the New York Times's report on whistleblower cop Frank Serpico—They Wished They Were Honest recreates the dramatic struggles and significance of the Commission and explores the factors that led to its success and the restoration of the NYPD's public image. Serpico's charges against the NYPD encouraged Mayor John Lindsay to appoint prominent attorney Whitman Knapp to chair a Citizen's Commission on police graft. Overcoming a number of organizational, budgetary, and political hurdles, Chief Counsel Armstrong cobbled together an investigative group of a half-dozen lawyers and a dozen agents. Just when funding was about to run out, the \"blue wall of silence\" collapsed. A flamboyant \"Madame,\" a corrupt lawyer, and a weasely informant led to a \"super thief\" cop, who was trapped and \"turned\" by the Commission. This led to sensational and revelatory hearings, which publicly refuted the notion that departmental corruption was limited to only a \"few rotten apples.\" In the course of his narrative, Armstrong illuminates police investigative strategy; governmental and departmental political maneuvering; ethical and philosophical issues in law enforcement; the efficacy (or lack thereof) of the police's anticorruption efforts; the effectiveness of the training of police officers; the psychological and emotional pressures that lead to corruption; and the effects of police criminality on individuals and society. He concludes with the effects, in today's world, of Knapp and succeeding investigations into police corruption and the value of permanent outside monitoring bodies, such as the special prosecutor's office, formed in response to the Commission's recommendation, as well as the current monitoring commission, of which Armstrong is chairman.
eBook
The Week on the Hill
Obama Addresses Joint Session In his first State of the Union address, President Obama on January 27 urged lawmakers not to abandon his signature legislative initiatives on health care, climate change, and financial regulation but also promised to make jobs \"our No. 1 focus in 2010.\" In addition to the bills on his signature issues that have passed the House and are awaiting Senate action, Obama called for a new tax on banks; tax credits and increased lending for small businesses; a job-creation package; an export promotion effort; a push for trade deals; renewal of elementary and secondary education programs; a variety of middle-class tax breaks; deficit-reduction measures; campaign finance reform; increased lobbyist disclosure; and a repeal of the ban on gays serving in the military.
Journal Article
Double exposure: civil liability and criminal prosecution in federal court for police misconduct
Officers can quickly become familiar with internal review boards, citizen review boards, presentations of cases to local grand juries to determine whether state criminal charges are appropriate,1 and civil lawsuits brought in state courts by alleged victims against individual officers (or their employing agency) that allege wrongdoing on the part of the officer (or entity).2 Under federal law, there are two additional and distinct causes of action that officers may find themselves encountering-a civil civil rights lawsuit3 and a criminal civil rights prosecution.4 Familiarity with these federal actions will help officers navigate the potential minefield of consequences that may result from one single action. The defendant officers and city sought dismissal of Monroe's lawsuit, in part based on the grounds that the actions alleged violated not only the U.S. Constitution but the constitution and laws of the state of Illinois also.13 Both the federal district court and the appellate court entertaining the defense ruled that dismissal of the lawsuit was appropriate.14 The Supreme Court reversed when it discounted the individual officers' position, recognizing that \"[i]t was not the unavailability of state remedies but the failure of certain States to enforce the laws with an equal hand\"15 that led to the passage of the law in 1871.
Magazine Article