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Organizations have been challenged by the need to process an increasing amount of data, both structured and unstructured, retrieved from heterogeneous sources. Criminal investigation police are among these organizations, as they have to manually process a vast number of criminal reports, news articles related to crimes, occurrence and evidence reports, and other unstructured documents. Automatic extraction and representation of data and knowledge in such documents is an essential task to reduce the manual analysis burden and to automate the discovering of names and entities relationships that may exist in a case. This paper presents SEMCrime, a framework used to extract and classify named-entities and relations in Portuguese criminal reports and documents, and represent the data retrieved into a graph database. A 5WH1 (Who, What, Why, Where, When, and How) information extraction method was applied, and a graph database representation was used to store and visualize the relations extracted from the documents. Promising results were obtained with a prototype developed to evaluate the framework, namely a name-entity recognition with an F-Measure of 0.73, and a 5W1H information extraction performance with an F-Measure of 0.65.

Autopsies continue to be the most reliable source of mortality statistics; however, more and more death certificates are based on the post-mortem external examination (PME) alone. Forensic PMEs differ from clinical PMEs, because the forensic pathologist usually has no preceding knowledge of the health of the decedent and must rely on information from authorities in the form of the police report. It is useful at the forensic PME to know whether the decedent suffered from a mental illness; however, it is unknown how valid such a diagnosis is, when based upon information in the police report alone. This study compared tentative diagnoses of schizophrenia from 500 forensic PMEs with a reference database based on the Danish National Patient Registry. We found that 19.3% of schizophrenia cases were missed, and 9.1 % of identified cases were false positives. Overall, 11.4% of all assessments were incorrect. Subgroup analysis showed that marital status as 'single' and the finding of illegal substances at the scene were predictors for both correctly identified and overlooked schizophrenia cases. The most reliable source of information was the decedent’s general practitioner, whereas friends and neighbors were the most unreliable. Future studies should be aware of the risk of assigning a wrong diagnosis and use as many sources of information as possible. Taking the decedent’s social history and observations about the scene into account may add to the diagnostic accuracy.

The current research had the primary goal of investigating the difference in police reporting patterns by sexual assault victims in Western and in non-Western countries. The data for the present study were obtained from the International Crime Victimization Survey. The present work found a significant difference in police reporting behavior by sexual assault victims in Western and in non-Western countries. Gender, urban residency, and the number of offenders were important factors for victims in non-Western countries, but not for those in Western countries. On the other hand, a victim’s prior relationship with his or her offender and family income level were significantly related to police reports in Western countries, but not in non-Western countries.

Violence in its many forms can affect the health of people who are the targets, those who are the perpetrators, and the communities in which both live. In this article we review the literature on the health consequences of many forms of violence, including child physical and sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, elder abuse, sexual violence, youth violence, and bullying. The biological effects of violence have become increasingly better understood and include effects on the brain, neuroendocrine system, and immune response. Consequences include increased incidences of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide; increased risk of cardiovascular disease; and premature mortality. The health consequences of violence vary with the age and sex of the victim as well as the form of violence. People can be the victims of multiple forms of violence, and the health effects can be cumulative.

The aim of this article is to show how a suspect's statement travels through two stages of the criminal law process: the police interrogation and the trial, exhibited by two modes of production: talk and writing. I first discuss how the suspect's statement is elicited and written down by the police in the police report; next I consider how the police report is made to form part of a legally adequate case-file; and finally I investigate the ways in which the judge quotes and refers to the police report in his questioning of the suspect during the trial. This step-by-step inspection of the trajectory of the suspect's statement shows processes of de-and recontextualization. The suspect's statement is written down so as to enable it to be taken out of one context (the police interrogation) and inserted into another (the trial). This means that old meanings are removed from the suspect's statement and new meanings are added. In the courtroom, however, the judge treats the suspect's written statement as his own individual production, irrespective of the interactional environment in which it was elicited. The suspect's statement is taken out of one context, inserted into another context and treated as independent of context.

Robert Ellerd, 54, of Malvern, faces charges of kidnapping, aggravated robbery and terroristic threatening in the first degree, according to a police report from the Sherwood Police Department. When he arrived at her house, Jackson Homan, 23, of Sherwood, was there and \"jerked\" the car door open and placed his arms around the victim's neck, according to the police report. Jackson Homan drove them to a house in the Lakewood area of North Little Rock, according to the police report.

We investigate how effectively automatic named entity recognition can recover entities selected by investigators in real criminal cases. Two homicide cases and one synthetic case were processed with five NER models, and extracted entities were matched to investigator labels using a lightweight entity resolution and similarity scoring method. Police trained models aligned best with investigator annotations, while general-purpose models produced larger but less relevant entity sets. Manual validation confirmed that many labels are not text recoverable, establishing a realistic upper bound on NER performance. The results indicate that extraction and investigative relevance are distinct tasks, motivating a two-stage pipeline and future work on relevance modelling and improved resolution. •Benchmark five NER models and ER on 3,848 docs and 13,630 labels.•Show investigators label a narrow relevant subset, motivating two-stage extraction.•Propose method to estimate recoverable labels and ML-ready NER datasets.

Objectives. To estimate US nonlethal violent victimization rates for lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) males and females aged 16 years and older and to compare disparities among LGB and straight males and females, controlling for other correlates of victimization. Methods. We used data from the 2017 and 2018 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to provide nationally representative rates of various forms of violent victimization for self-identified LGB and straight persons. Multivariable models assessed the risk for violence associated with LGB status. Results. Total violence rates were 2 to 9 times higher among LGB persons compared with heterosexuals. For some forms of violence (e.g., rape and sexual assault, violence with serious injuries, and multiple offender violence) there were notably high disparities between bisexuals and heterosexuals. With adjustment for covariates, LGB orientation was associated with odds ratios nearly 2 to 4 times those of heterosexuals. Conclusions. This is one of the first known uses of NCVS data to estimate LGB victimization, revealing substantially higher rates of violence directed at LGB individuals. Public Health Implications. Sexual orientation and gender identity questions in federal surveys such as the NCVS enable monitoring of violent victimization rates and should continue. Collecting these data can help researchers understand victimization risk and guide appropriate resources toward victim services, especially important given the high violent crime levels experienced by LGB individuals.

The report presents 2011 data from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) on the public health burden of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization as well as the characteristics of victimization. Before implementation of NISVS in 2010, the most recent detailed national data on the public health burden from these forms of violence were obtained from the National Violence against Women Survey conducted during 1995-1996.