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"Polish language Voice."
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Between Phonology and Phonetics
For decades, the voicing system of Polish has been at the center of a heated theoretical debate concerning laryngeal phonology as it features a number of phenomena that constitute the core of this debate, such as Final Obstruent Devoicing, Regressive Voice Assimilation, and Progressive Voice Assimilation. As research into laryngeal phonology progresses on various fronts, it becomes more obvious that a large portion of the phenomena in question have phonetic or implementational conditioning, thus limiting the role of phonology even further. The model presented here is one in which phonology, phonetic interpretation, and phonetics find their respective homes. Paradoxically, by separating these three levels of description, we wish to integrate the disparate threads of modern research of sound patterns into one sound system.
eBook
A large-scale cross-linguistic investigation of the acquisition of passive
This cross-linguistic study evaluates children's understanding of passives in 11 typologically different languages: Catalan, Cypriot Greek, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hebrew, Lithuanian, and Polish. The study intends to determine whether the reported gaps between the comprehension of active and passive and between short and full passive hold cross-linguistically. The present study offers two major findings. The first is the relative ease in which 5-year-old children across 11 different languages are able to comprehend short passive constructions (compared to the full passive). The second and perhaps the more intriguing finding is the variation seen across the different languages in children's comprehension of full passive constructions. We argued, based on the present findings, that given the relevant linguistic input (e.g., flexibility in word order and experience with argument reduction), children at the age of 5 are capable of acquiring both the short passive and the full passive. Variation, however, stems from the specific characteristics of each language, and good mastery of passives by the age of 5 is not a universal, cross-linguistically valid milestone in typical language acquisition. Therefore, difficulties with passives (short or full) can be used for identifying SLI at the age of 5 only in those languages in which it has already been mastered by typically developing children.
Journal Article
Social Perception of Non-Binary Individuals
People can express their identity in different ways, one of which is through language. Non-binary individuals often speak in a gender-neutral way and use specific language forms. Language use not only reveals their identity but also can shape how others perceive them. The present study’s purpose was to analyze how non-binary people are perceived through the language they use. The research was conducted in Polish, a language that is especially challenging for non-binary individuals because it has many gender markers. To avoid using gendered forms, they often use a specific form of passive voice. In an experiment, participants (
N
= 130, 102 women, 28 men) read a gendered (feminine or masculine) text and a gender-neutral text with passive voice. Most gave a masculine name to the person in the neutral text, but addressed them in a gender-neutral way when asked to react to them in presented scenarios. The gender-neutral text was evaluated as being less comprehensible than the gendered texts, and the non-binary person was rated less competent and colder than a man or a woman and was less socially accepted. Furthermore, the negative evaluation of non-binary people seemed to be attributable to unfamiliarity with gender-neutral language and its lower comprehensibility. More research is needed to understand these perceptions better and to be able to prevent their potential negative consequences.
Journal Article
Phonetic imitation by young L2 learners: English VOTs for speakers of Polish
Phonetic imitation, understood as adjustment of one’s pronunciation towards that of a model speaker, plays an important role in second language speech learning. The current study was intended to determine the degree to which young native Polish learners of English imitate native English models’ speech, with gender as a potential influencing factor. Thirty-four participants shadowed words with both voiceless /p, t, k/ and voiced /b, d, g/ consonants as onsets, which differ in terms of voice onset time (VOT) in the two languages. Having compared VOT measurements in three tasks, no significant differences were found for /p, t, k/, suggesting no imitation effect regardless of gender, and an apparent increase of prevoicing for /b, d, g/ in the imitation tasks. Some of the null results may be attributed to high baseline values and to the stimuli’s conflicting modalities. Noticeable variability in the data may have masked the true impact of imitative exposure.
Journal Article
Nonnative perception of allophonic cues to word boundaries: Lou spills versus loose pills for speakers of Polish
Word segmentation in L2 is not as optimal as in L1 because many, though not all, cues to signal word boundaries appear to be largely language-specific. Native English listeners use short-lag versus long-lag VOTs in segmenting pairs such as Lou spills versus loose pills. Polish contrasts negative versus short-lag VOTs, so speakers of Polish are expected to be largely insensitive to this English word-boundary cue. Forty-three lower-proficiency and 26 higher-proficiency Polish learners of English segmented English words from VOT cues. Both accuracy and RT measures were analyzed. The results showed that the general accuracy was 59%, identical to Spanish (Altenberg 2005) and French speakers (Shoemaker 2014) and lower than that for Japanese speakers (Ito & Strange 2009). There was no difference between segmenting aspirated and unaspirated onsets in accuracy or RTs. Higher proficiency did not lead to more successful segmentation, but higher-proficiency listeners were faster in their decisions.
Journal Article
Ensemble-Based Multi-Class and Multi-Label Text Classification for Noisy Clinical Dialogues
Multi-class and multi-label classification of medical dialogues remains a challenging task due to high linguistic variability and transcription noise. This study proposes an ensemble approach based on three fine-tuned Polish T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) models trained on partially overlapping clinical dialogue datasets. The models are evaluated exclusively on low-quality, highly noisy, automatically transcribed conversations to assess real-world robustness. The results demonstrate that the ensemble of models improves classification stability and outperforms the best single model, increasing the F1-score by 21.8% for internal medicine dialogues and by 44.9% for paediatric interviews. The proposed method shows potential for practical deployment in clinical decision support and automated medical documentation systems.
Journal Article
Mickiewiczowski głos i rosyjski dyskurs władzy w Sonetach krymskich. Wokół Widoku gór ze stepów Kozłowa
Adam Mickiewicz’s Crimean Sonnets (1826) have repeatedly been interpreted through the lens of postcolonial studies, with several researchers (Roman Koropeckyj, Dariusz Skórczewski, Danuta Zawadzka, Magdalena Siwiec) arguing that the cycle is deeply embedded in Russia’s colonial discourse. This article reconstructs the imperial logos connected with the production of knowledge about Crimea in the years from 1783 to 1825, taking the example of one sonnet (View of the Mountains from the Kozlov Steppes) to illustrate how Mickiewicz manages to evade it. A poetological, somatic and intertextual analysis of the poem reveals the strategies to confront the discourse of power that are contained in the text. The voice of the author’s l’énonciateur-scripteur has been read as a phonen: a supra-legal detonator of imposed logos, a means of protest that overrules legal conditions, a form of rebellion against the established order. Mickiewicz’s phonen subjugates herself discursive rules of colonial authority. The language of the Sonnets liberates itself from the domination of Russian logos.
Journal Article
A Rule-Based Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion System
This article presents a rule-based grapheme-to-phoneme conversion method and algorithm for Polish. It should be noted that the fundamental grapheme-to-phoneme conversion rules have been developed by Maria Steffen-Batóg and presented in her set of monographs dedicated to the automatic grapheme-to-phoneme conversion of texts in Polish. The author used previously developed rules and independently developed the grapheme-to-phoneme conversion algorithm.The algorithm has been implemented as a software application called TransFon, which allows the user to convert any text in Polish orthography to corresponding strings of phonemes, in phonemic transcription. Using TransFon, a phonemic Polish language corpus was created out of an orthographic corpus. The phonemic language corpusallows statistical analysis of the Polish language, as well as the development of phoneme- and word-based language models for automatic speech recognition using statistical methods. The developed phonemic language corpus opens up further opportunities for research to improve automatic speech recognition in Polish. The development of statistical methods for speech recognition and language modelling requires access to large language corpora, including phonemic corpora. The method presented here enables the creation of such corpora.
Journal Article
Do a Learner’s Background Languages Change with Increasing Exposure to L3? Comparing the Multilingual Phonological Development of Adolescents and Adults
The present study longitudinally explores regressive phonological cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in seven adolescents (aged 12–13) and seven adults (aged 21–39) by examining voice-onset time (VOT) of /p,t,k/ in their first, second, and third language (L1, L2, and L3, respectively). All participants had the same language combination (L1 German, L2 English, L3 Polish) and were recorded completing a range of production tasks in all three languages four times over the course of the first year of L3 learning. The scope of previous research on phonological CLI is thus broadened in two ways: (1) by tracing the development of all languages upon the arrival of a new language in a multilingual’s system longitudinally, and (2) by investigating CLI patterns in two age groups when input and learning environment are comparable. Previous L2 age studies have mostly only made retrospective assumptions about (target) language development, so that longitudinal data, including the entire language repertoire of multilingual speakers, are needed to substantiate claims made in that regard. For the adolescent group, significant changes to both their L1 and L2 over time were found, while the adults’ background languages remained relatively stable on the group level. However, for both groups, much individual variation was uncovered.
Journal Article