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"Political action committees"
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Who donates in campaigns? : the importance of message, messenger, medium, and structure
\"Campaigns cost money--a lot of money. In 2012, Mitt Romney, Barack Obama, and their allies collectively spent more than $2 billion in the race for the presidency, with both sides spending more than $1 billion. Looking just at money raised by the campaigns from individual donors, the Obama campaign outraised the Republicans by over $500 million in 2008 and over $250 million in 2012.1\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Lobbying America
Lobbying Americatells the story of the political mobilization of American business in the 1970s and 1980s. Benjamin Waterhouse traces the rise and ultimate fragmentation of a broad-based effort to unify the business community and promote a fiscally conservative, antiregulatory, and market-oriented policy agenda to Congress and the country at large. Arguing that business's political involvement was historically distinctive during this period, Waterhouse illustrates the changing power and goals of America's top corporate leaders.
Examining the rise of the Business Roundtable and the revitalization of older business associations such as the National Association of Manufacturers and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Waterhouse takes readers inside the mind-set of the powerful CEOs who responded to the crises of inflation, recession, and declining industrial productivity by organizing an effective and disciplined lobbying force. By the mid-1970s, that coalition transformed the economic power of the capitalist class into a broad-reaching political movement with real policy consequences. Ironically, the cohesion that characterized organized business failed to survive the ascent of conservative politics during the 1980s, and many of the coalition's top goals on regulatory and fiscal policies remained unfulfilled. The industrial CEOs who fancied themselves the \"voice of business\" found themselves one voice among many vying for influence in an increasingly turbulent and unsettled economic landscape.
Complicating assumptions that wealthy business leaders naturally get their way in Washington,Lobbying Americashows how economic and political powers interact in the American democratic system.
eBook
The unheavenly chorus
Politically active individuals and organizations make huge investments of time, energy, and money to influence everything from election outcomes to congressional subcommittee hearings to local school politics, while other groups and individual citizens seem woefully underrepresented in our political system.The Unheavenly Chorusis the most comprehensive and systematic examination of political voice in America ever undertaken--and its findings are sobering.
The Unheavenly Chorusis the first book to look at the political participation of individual citizens alongside the political advocacy of thousands of organized interests--membership associations such as unions, professional associations, trade associations, and citizens groups, as well as organizations like corporations, hospitals, and universities. Drawing on numerous in-depth surveys of members of the public as well as the largest database of interest organizations ever created--representing more than thirty-five thousand organizations over a twenty-five-year period--this book conclusively demonstrates that American democracy is marred by deeply ingrained and persistent class-based political inequality. The well educated and affluent are active in many ways to make their voices heard, while the less advantaged are not. This book reveals how the political voices of organized interests are even less representative than those of individuals, how political advantage is handed down across generations, how recruitment to political activity perpetuates and exaggerates existing biases, how political voice on the Internet replicates these inequalities--and more.
In a true democracy, the preferences and needs of all citizens deserve equal consideration. Yet equal consideration is only possible with equal citizen voice.The Unheavenly Chorusreveals how far we really are from the democratic ideal and how hard it would be to attain it.
eBook
Campaign Contributions and Legislative Voting
This book studies the current paradox within the voting literature on campaign contributions and legislative voting behavior. Specifically, while journalists and observers believe that the contributions significantly influence congressional votes, empirical evidence compiled by political scientists has generally failed to identify a systematic linkage between the two. At the same time, the amount of money contributed by interest groups is increasing and polls indicate that the public is becoming more cynical about the process.
Stacey B. Gordon is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Nevada, Reno.
eBook
Dark money, super PACs, and the 2012 election
More than two billion dollars. That’s how much money was spent in the 2012 presidential campaign—the most expensive campaign in history. Each party raised and spent more than one billion dollars as the traditional boundaries of campaign financing were ignored. Both parties could do so because they were playing in a game with new rules—rules that largely developed after the 2010 Supreme Court ruling known as Citizens United. That case removed many restrictions on donation limits, particularly for corporations and unions. The result was the development of a new set of political players called “Super PACs” that were allowed to enter the political arena and spend an unlimited amount of money on behalf of clients. This book looks at how Super PACs raised and spent money and influenced the 2012 election. It provides an insightful look at how both right- and left-leaning groups approached the election and impacted the political process.
eBook
Quiet advocacy: the stealthy activism of Indian interest groups in the USA
The study highlights that while the government, political parties, and constitutional institutions play a significant role in the political process, interest groups, or pressure groups, also exert influence on policy formulation behind the scenes. In the context of the United States, interest groups have garnered attention as they actively seek to influence various aspects of American foreign policy. These groups consist of individuals with shared interests who come together to persuade the government to take actions that will benefit their specific group. Therefore, this study explores the role and tactics of three influential Indian interest groups in US politics. It includes the India League of America (ILA), the India Caucus, and the U.S.-India Political Action Committee (USINPAC) as the chosen interest groups. By delving into the histories of these organisations, this study aims to uncover how their approaches have evolved and adapted to the changing political climate. By conducting a qualitative assessment and comparison of these Indian interest groups in the United States, this study identifies the evolution of tactics employed by these interest groups over different times. This approach can provide a deeper understanding of how these interest groups have adapted their strategies and methods to influence policy deliberations. The findings of this study provide valuable knowledge about the impact and strategies of these interest groups, which can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of policy-making in the United States and shaping the nation’s foreign policy.
Journal Article
PACs rule everything around me: how political action committees shape elections and policy in the local context
The vast majority of research on interest groups tends to focus on the state and national levels (Baumgartner et al. 2009; Bergan 2009; Kollman 1998, Leech et al. 2005). Recent scholarship has shifted to the local level, for good reason: there are a large number of cities that have organized interests and Political Action Committees (Anzia 2019a; Berry 2005; Reckhow 2009). Additionally, the local political context varies from state and national contexts in two key ways: many of these elections take place off-cycle, and many are nonpartisan (Anzia 2014; Davidson and Fraga 1988 https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298804100210; Hajnal and Trounstine 2005). Using data from an exit poll conducted during the 2017 municipal election in Durham, NC, I consider whether voters in Durham knew which Political Action Committees (PACs) endorsed which candidates and whether knowing the endorsements of candidates is associated with their support for those candidates. I explore when local PACs engage in activities that mirror state and national interest groups. In these nonpartisan contexts, PACs borrow from the playbook of political parties during election season by giving endorsements and sending mailers to their members. Outside of election season, they borrow from the playbook of interest groups by lobbying local elected officials.
Journal Article
Political Ideologies of CEOs: The Influence of Executives' Values on Corporate Social Responsibility
This article examines the influence on organizational outcomes of CEOs' political ideology, specifically political conservatism vs. liberalism. We propose that CEOs' political ideologies will influence their firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, hypothesizing that (1) liberal CEOs will emphasize CSR more than will conservative CEOs; (2) the association between a CEO's political ideology and CSR will be amplified by a CEO's relative power; and (3) liberal CEOs will emphasize CSR even when recent financial performance is low, whereas conservative CEOs will pursue CSR initiatives only as performance allows. We test our ideas with a sample of 249 CEOs, measuring their ideologies by coding their political donations over the ten years prior to their becoming CEOs. Results indicate that the political ideologies of CEOs are manifested in their firms' CSR profiles. Compared with conservative CEOs, liberal CEOs exhibit greater advances in CSR; the influence of CEOs' political liberalism on CSR is amplified when they have more power; and liberal CEOs' CSR initiatives are less contingent on recent performance than are those of conservative CEOs. In a corroborative exploration, we find that CEOs' political ideologies are significantly related to their corporate political action committee allocations, indicating that this largely unexplored executive attribute might be more widely consequential.
Journal Article
