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Diplomatic history : a very short introduction
Diplomatic history explores the management of relations between nation-states by the process of negotiations. From the diplomacy of the American Revolution, the diplomatic origins of the Great War and its aftermath, Versailles, and the personal summitry behind the night Stalin and Churchill Divided Europe, to George W. Bush and the Iraq War, and diplomacy in the age of globalization, the management of power relationships has had an immense impact on our recent history. This Very Short Introduction updates the former Diplomacy: A Very Short Introduction and illustrates international diplomacy in action, exploring the changes in method at key historical junctures, and highlighting the very different demands that circumstances make on the practice of diplomats. Drawing on the case studies above, it makes sense of the way in which skillful diplomacy, as well as hubris, rashness, and excessive caution, can have important ramifications for the fate of nations. Based on the experiences of diplomatic history, it also locates the universal role of negotiations and identifies the key elements of success. As Joseph M. Siracusa shows, diplomacy was and is an indispensable element of statecraft, and without skillful diplomacy political success may remain elusive.
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Dependent Diplomacy: Signaling, Strategy, and Prestige in the Diplomatic Network
Diplomatic recognition is an essential tool of statecraft but remains largely unanalyzed by political scientists. Two recent trends in diplomatic practice raise notable puzzles: (i) use of diplomatic ties to signal (dis)approval of a regime or its policies, based largely on cues from diplomatic partners, and (ii) reliance on diplomatic missions as a means of securing prestige in the international system. I argue that both trends are the result of network influences. States face resource constraints and must choose diplomatic partners wisely, but they lack complete information about the risks and benefits of extending diplomatic recognition. To solve this informational dilemma, they condition recognition on the diplomatic activity of others. First, states send missions to countries that host missions from their own diplomatic partners, which increases the strength of diplomatic signals and reduces political risks. Second, states send missions to countries that host large numbers of missions in general (that is, \"prestigious\" countries), which increases their capacity for information gathering. In general, a state's decision to extend or retract diplomatic recognition depends heavily on the decisions of other states. Employing novel network methodologies, I show that these endogenous network influences are among the most consistent and substantively powerful determinants of diplomatic recognition.
Journal Article
The Palgrave Macmillan dictionary of diplomacy
\"Indispensable for students of diplomacy and junior members of diplomatic services, this dictionary not only covers diplomacy's jargon but also includes entries on legal terms, political events, international organizations, e-Diplomacy, and major figures who have occupied the diplomatic scene or have written about it over the last half millennium. \"-- Provided by publisher.
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Symbolic power in European diplomacy: the struggle between national foreign services and the EU's External Action Service
National diplomacy is challenged by the rise of non-state actors from transnational companies to non-governmental organisations. In trying to explain these challenges, scholars tend to either focus on a specific new actor or argue that states will remain the dominant diplomatic players. This article develops an alternative Bourdieu-inspired framework addressing symbolic power. It conceptualises diplomacy in terms of a social field with agents (field incumbents and newcomers alike) who co-construct and reproduce the field by struggling for dominant positions. The framework is applied to the EU's new diplomatic service (the European External Action Service, EEAS), which is one of the most important foreign policy inventions in Europe to date. I show that the EEAS does not challenge national diplomacy in a material sense – but at a symbolic level. The EEAS questions the state's meta-capital, that is, its monopoly of symbolic power and this explains the counter-strategies adopted by national foreign services. The struggles to define the ‘genuine’ diplomat reveal a rupture in the European diplomatic field, pointing towards a transformation of European statehood and the emergence of a hybrid form of diplomacy. A focus on symbolic power opens up new avenues for the study of transformations of authority in world politics.
Journal Article
Diplomacy : theory and practice
\"This revised fifth edition of the bestselling Diplomacy, from globally renowned thinker and scholar in diplomacy research and teaching Geoff Berridge, takes into account crucial developments and shifts on the global stage in the last 5 years. At the heart of diplomacy, and a central theme of this book, is the art of negotiation. As well as involving choice of its most promising channels, this includes how to sustain momentum via a deadline, for the consequences of not settling by midnight on the clock of the talks usually concentrates minds. The examples included, such as the Iran nuclear talks, are mostly contemporary, but historical background to the diplomatic methods themselves is always provided. This helps to show that a rejuvenation of key features of traditional diplomacy has occurred in recent years that has gone largely unnoticed, partly because new labels have been given to old procedures, a notable instance being the rebranding of propaganda as 'public diplomacy'. Fully updated, new case studies explore lessons of the 2014 G20 summit in Brisbane, and those of the highly topical Budapest Memorandum on Ukraine. Berridge's comprehensive and invaluable text also includes new chapters on secret intelligence and economic and commercial diplomacy\"-- Provided by publisher.
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Tourism and Classic Diplomacy: the Case of Strengthening Israeli-tanzanian Bilateral Relations
This article considers the link between tourism and classic diplomacy as a field of study and policy. The article focuses on the contribution of tourism to the strengthening of bilateral relations between governments, through analysis of Israeli-Tanzanian relations as a crucial
case study. Thus, in addition to the literature that focuses on people-to-people diplomacy and tourism, this article highlights the role that tourism plays in strengthening diplomatic relations between states. Tourism is positioned within the broader context of economic diplomacy, and the
interrelationships between tourism and diplomacy-theoretically and practically-are examined. This article finds that tourism is an important tool for promoting bilateral relations between governments in the context of classic diplomacy.
Journal Article
Diplomacy As Theatre: Staging the Bandung Conference of 1955
As a significant ‘moment’ in twentieth-century international diplomacy, the rise of post-colonial Afro-Asia at the Bandung Conference of 1955 is replete with symbolic meanings. This paper proposes a conceptual approach to understanding the symbolic dimension of international diplomacy, and does so by ruminating on the newly unearthed Indonesian material on the Bandung Conference. To this end, ‘diplomacy as theatre’ is introduced as an interpretive framework to re-cast the conference as a theatrical performance, in which actors performed on the stage to audiences. Focusing on the city of Bandung, this paper reconstructs some examples of the ‘performative’ dimensions of international diplomacy, and elaborates on the notion of ‘staging’ the city and the role played by the people of Bandung, including the significance of conference venues, as well as the impromptu creation of a ritual citation that contributed to an iconic ‘performative act’ during the conference. Sukarno, Nehru, Zhou Enlai and Nasser all understood the importance as performers in their role as new international statesmen, representing the esprit de corps of the newly emergent post-colonial world. In deconstructing the symbolic, it will become evident that the role played by Indonesia significantly influenced the underlying script of the diplomatic theatre which unfolded at Bandung.
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Fringe players and the diplomatic order : the new heteronomy?
\"This book combines organization theory oriented institutionalism with Eisenstadt's work on comparative liminality, to develop a unique analytical framework and explore the dynamic of stability and change in institutionalized orders. It then applies this framework to analyze ways how three fringe players of the modern diplomatic order - the Holy See (HS), the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), and the European Union (EU) - have been accommodated within that order. Batora and Hynek reveal that the modern diplomatic order is less state-centric than conventionally assumed and is instead better conceived of as a heteronomy - an order characterized by co-existence of units with different age, and structurally and ontologically different principles of growth and operation. They argue that this heteronomous character of the modern diplomatic order renders it more robust and far less susceptible to change than much of the proliferating literature on the changing nature of diplomacy has presented it\"-- Provided by publisher.
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Efficient Secrecy: Public versus Private Threats in Crisis Diplomacy
This paper explores when and why private communication works in crisis diplomacy. Conventional audience-cost models suggest that state leaders must go public with their threats in international crises because leaders cannot tie their hands if signals are issued privately. I present a crisis bargaining game where both the sender and the receiver of signals have a domestic audience. The equilibrium analysis demonstrates that a private threat, albeit of limited credibility, can be equally compelling as a fully credible public threat. The analysis suggests that secrecy works in crisis diplomacy despite its informational inefficacy. Secrecy insulates leaders from domestic political consequences when they capitulate to a challenge to avoid risking unwarranted war. The logic of efficient secrecy helps shed light on the unaccounted history of private diplomacy in international crises. The Alaska Boundary Dispute illustrates this logic.
Journal Article