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"Political stability Tunisia."
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Mental health issues among unemployed and employed sports science graduates in Tunisia post-revolution
This study investigates the relationship between employability and mental health among Tunisian sports science graduates post-2011 revolution, within the context of a prolonged socio-economic crisis and persistent unemployment lasting up to 10 years. The research included two studies. Study (1) quantitatively assessed 156 unemployed and 162 employed graduates for major depressive episodes (MDE), dysthymia, social phobia (SP), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Study (2) qualitatively explored mental health experiences through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants (10 employed, 10 unemployed, balanced by gender). In Study (1), it was observed that unemployed individuals, especially older adults, women, and those experiencing long-term unemployment, exhibited elevated prevalence rates of MDE, dysthymia, and SP, while employed individuals exhibited higher GAD rates. Study (2) revealed widespread anxiety, fear, and low self-esteem among participants, driven by political and economic instability, career stagnation, and the devaluation of the sports profession. Many interviewees expressed a desire to work in Gulf countries due to attractive salaries and better job opportunities, while also calling for curriculum reforms and showing interest in entrepreneurship. The study concludes that employment alone does not guarantee mental health stability. Socio-demographic factors, economic issues, and political instability significantly affect mental health. To prevent brain drain and ensure mental well-being, developing economies must provide secure, opportunity-rich futures for young professionals. This research offers practical recommendations for policymakers in similar contexts.
Journal Article
Adapting Monetary Policy to New Challenges After the Tunisian Revolution: Implications for Economic Growth
This objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of monetary policy on economic growth in Tunisian. After a revolution or significant political changes, countries may reassess and adjust their economic policies, including monetary policy, to address new challenges and align with the evolving economic and political landscape. Central banks often play a crucial role in maintaining economic stability, and changes in leadership or government can lead to shifts in monetary policy objectives and strategies. Using an ARDL model applied to monthly data over the 2011/2021 period, the results revealed that money supply has a positive long-run impact on economic growth in Tunisian after revolution. On the other hand; other instruments such as the interest rate, exchange rate have a significant negative relationship with economic growth. In fact, when interest rates are high, it becomes more expensive to borrow money, so people and businesses are less likely to invest and spend. Findings also depict that increase in Domestic Credit to Private Sector hurts the economic growth. A negative effect on domestic credit could lead a central bank to consider lowering interest rates or implementing other measures to stimulate credit growth and support economic activity. Besides, inflation was shown to play an indirect role by increasing the impact of economic growth. Due to the effect of the revolution, the political instability and high international food and fuel prices negatively affected the domestic prices; Tunisia reached an inflation rate of 4.8% in 2021. Findings of the study have important implications that may discuss the need to adapt monetary policy to ensure economic stability in the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. This could involve addressing challenges such as inflation, exchange rate fluctuations, and overall economic uncertainty. There might be recommendations for adjustments to monetary policy tools and strategies. This could include changes in interest rates, currency management, and liquidity measures to support economic recovery and growth. The implications might involve collaboration between monetary authorities and the government to implement coordinated fiscal and monetary policies. This synergy is often necessary to address broader economic challenges and promote sustainable growth.
Journal Article
The Tunisian experience of participatory health governance: the Societal Dialogue for Health (a qualitative study)
Background
Tunisia has been engaged in the Societal Dialogue (SD) for Health process since 2012, a participatory health governance process aimed at bringing in people’s voice into health policy-making. Its first success was the recently released National Health Policy 2030. This paper aims to document the SD process and to bring out the lessons learned to inspire other countries.
Methods
This study was based essentially on a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with citizen jury members and health experts that took place from May to September 2018. The qualitative analysis adopted an inductive-deductive approach according to a cross-matrix between the themes of the interview of the two groups of interviewees.
Results
The qualitative analysis of the data highlighted that the Societal Dialogue created a health democracy dynamic with inclusive dialogue spaces for the population, communities, and civil society to participate in health system design. It constituted a multi-actor and multidisciplinary coordination platform to increase consensus building among actors. Initial government support and high levels of volunteer commitment allowed the process to achieve a certain level of sustainability. However, this process faced and still faces many challenges such as overreliance on volunteers; a crisis of trust; political instability and the lack of an effective communication strategy. These challenges negatively influence the policy uptake of recommendations made by the Societal Dialogue for Health.
Conclusion
The Tunisian societal dialogue experience highlights both the successes and challenges of a structured participatory platform, as well as the effort and perseverance it takes to keep such a process functional and relevant. A key lesson from this study is that this model of participatory health governance eventually reaches a stage where population, community, and civil society participation needs to be more institutionalized within the government routine so that it can credibly feed into health policy review processes and inform decision-makers on a regular basis.
Journal Article
Determinants and performances of food security in the Middle East and North Africa region countries
The current food security situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is surrounded by uncertainty and bleak due to several domestic and global challenges, such as a rapid increase in population growth rate, a global slowdown in economic growth rate, climate change impacts, a reduction in water resources, the spreading of political instability, the prevalence of malnutrition, low food production, high food import dependency, weak transport infrastructure, weak drinking water and sanitation services, and suffering from a severe income gap between the population of this region. This paper aims to shed light on the food security situation in the MENA region by investigating the determinants of food security in that region and then measuring the food security performance of each MENA country. The study contributes to tackling the current food security situation in the MENA region by focusing on investigating the food security determinants and weights by using multiple regression analysis to understand the role of macroeconomic factors in improving food security performance in the MENA countries. The findings confirm that in terms of food availability and access, the MENA countries have decent stability on those dimensions, while food utilization and stability dimensions in MENA countries have poor performance. Keywords: Food Security, MENA, Multiple Regression Analysis, Food Security Determinants and performance. JEL codes: C01, O13, Q18
Journal Article
Money creation process, banking performance and economic policy uncertainty: evidence from Tunisian listed banks
PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relationship between money creation process and banking performance for Tunisian listed banks, particularly in the context of increased economic policy uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachIn the relevant literature, there are two theories of money creation. The theory of money creation out of nothing, by using the central bank for refinancing and the theory of financial intermediation, from which money creation is made from preexisting savings. In this paper, the authors utilize a panel data for a sample composed of 11 Tunisian banks during the period of study from 1999 to 2019.FindingsThe study’s empirical analysis show that both forms of money creation have a positive impact on bank profitability as measured by the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) ratios. However, the same analysis shows that the channel of money creation out of nothing is the most profitable for banks. Also, the authors show that economic policy uncertainty negatively influences the relationship between money creation and banking profitability only when credit creation is derived from savings.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by explaining the nexus between money creation and Tunisian banking performance which depends on the implementation of stable and conducive economic and political environment. Also, this link requires the implementation of monetary measures to encourage savings and develop an efficient capital market and judicious monetary policy enabling the central bank to inject more liquidity into the economy.
Journal Article
The End of the Libyan Dictatorship: The Uncertain Transition
The 42-year dictatorship in Libya finally collapsed in October 2011; it took the Western-backed armed uprising seven months of intensive fighting to defeat Qaddafi's loyalist forces. The fall of the Qaddafi regime is a welcome development in the Middle East and North Africa region. But, unlike Tunisia or Egypt, Libya does not have a standing army or a reliable potential force that can bring the necessary stability for a political transition. The tribal nature of the country and the difficulty of disarming the rebels and other groups pose serious challenges to the new authorities in Tripoli. Unless these issues are handled effectively, Libya will undergo a long period of unpredictability.
Journal Article
Inflation Dynamics in Tunisia: a Smooth Transition Autoregressive Approach
The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the Tunisian monetary reforms. We use a smooth transition autoregressive model STAR in order to analyze inflation dynamics in Tunisia, based on the evolutions of its persistence and its volatility, on monthly data from 1990 to 2020. We distinguish three sub-periods based on two monetary reforms: the declaration ofprice stability as the central bank first priority in 2006 and the adoption of a proactive monetay policy aimed at anticipating inflation in 2011. The main findings suggest that the ESTAR specification describes better the behavior of inflation, it also show changes in the persistence and important shifts in volatility reinforcing the effectiveness of the monetary reforms despites political instability and the democratic transition in Tunisia. But still, more reforms are requiredfor a fully commitment to a specific inflation target, as it will reinforce the Tunisian central bank credibility.
Journal Article
Una propuesta de tipología de sistemas de partidos para regímenes democráticos y autoritarios pluralistas. Su aplicación a los países del Magreb
Desde el trabajo de Sartori, son escasas las tipologías de sistemas de partidos elaboradas, y las más recientes se centran en uno o dos criterios de clasificación, teniendo como referente las democracias. Este artículo propone una tipología de sistemas de partidos aplicable tanto en regímenes democráticos como en autoritarios pluralistas. Está basada en cuatro dimensiones: competencia, estabilidad del sistema de partidos, número y equilibrio entre partidos y polarización. Para verificar su validez, la tipología se aplica a tres regímenes políticos del Magreb: Túnez (democracia defectiva), Marruecos (autoritarismo cuasi competitivo) y Argelia (autoritarismo hegemónico). Su aplicación corrobora la validez de la tipología como forma de caracterizar los sistemas de partidos y permitir las investigaciones comparadas transnacionales.
Since the pioneering work by Sartori, few typologies have been created for party systems and the most recent ones have focused on one or two classification criteria, using democracies as their reference. This article proposes a typology of party systems that can be applied to both democratic and pluralist authoritarian regimes. It is based on four dimensions: competition, party system stability, number and balance between parties and polarization. To verify its validity, the typology was applied to three political regimes of Maghreb: Tunisia (defective democracy) Morocco (quasi-competitive authoritarianism) and Algeria (hegemonic authoritarianism). Its application corroborates the validity of the typology as a possible way of characterizing party systems and allowing transnational research.
Journal Article