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"Politics, Practical Mexico."
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Business Politics and the State in Twentieth-Century Latin America
This is the first systematically comparative and historical analysis of the incorporation of business into politics in Latin America, examining business organizing and political activity over the last century in five of the largest, most developed countries of the region. Why did business end up better organized in Chile, Colombia, and Mexico than in Argentina and Brazil? The explanation for the surprising cross-national variations lays neither in economic characteristics of business nor broader political parameters, but in the cumulative effect of actions of state actors. The book also considers the consequences of these differences in organization and finds that stronger encompassing associations offer government officials opportunities for concerted policy making with business that can enhance policy implementation. The strong hand of the state in organizing business has important implications not only for theories of collective action, but also for our understanding of civil society and its potential to promote democratization.
eBook
The roots of conservatism in Mexico : Catholicism, society, and politics in the Mixteca Baja, 1750-1962
The Roots of Conservatism is the first attempt to ask why over the past two centuries so many Mexican peasants have opted to ally with conservative groups rather than their radical counterparts. Blending socioeconomic history, cultural analysis, and political narrative, Smith's study begins with the late Bourbon period and moves through the early republic, the mid-nineteenth-century Reforma, the Porfiriato, and the Revolution, when the Mixtecs rejected Zapatista offers of land distribution, ending with the armed religious uprising known as the \"last Cristiada,\" a desperate Cold War bid to rid the region of impious \"communist\" governance. In recounting this long tradition of regional conservatism, Smith emphasizes the influence of religious belief, church ritual, and lay-clerical relations both on social relations and on political affiliation. He posits that many Mexican peasants embraced provincial conservatism, a variant of elite or metropolitan conservatism, which not only comprised ideas on property, hierarchy, and the state, but also the overwhelming import of the church to maintaining this system.
eBook
Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Crony Capitalism, and the Making of the Franco-Mexican Elite
A groundbreaking historical narrative of corruption and
economic success in Mexico
Ethnic Entrepreneurs, Crony Capitalism, and the Making of the
Franco-Mexican Elite provides a new way to understand the
scope and impact of crony capitalism on institutional development
in Mexico. Beginning with the Porfiriato, the period between 1876
and 1911 named for the rule of President Porfirio Díaz,
José Galindo identifies how certain behavioral patterns of
the Mexican political and economic elite have repeated over the
years, and analyzes aspects of the political economy that have
persisted, shaping and at times curtailing Mexico’s
economic development. Strong links between entrepreneurs and
politicians have allowed elite businessmen to receive privileged
support, such as cheap credit, tax breaks, and tariff protection,
from different governments and to run their companies as
monopolies. In turn, successive governments have obtained support
from businesses to implement public policies, and, on occasion,
public officials have received monetary restitution. Galindo
notes that Mexico’s early twentieth-century institutional
framework was weak and unequal to the task of reining in these
systematic abuses. The cost to society was high and resulted in a
lack of fair market competition, unequal income distribution, and
stunted social mobility. The most important investors in the
banking, commerce, and manufacturing sectors at the beginning of
the twentieth century in Mexico were of French origin, and
Galindo explains the formation of the Franco-Mexican elite. This
Franco-Mexican narrative unfolds largely through the story of one
of the richest families in Mexico, the Jeans, and their cotton
textile empire. This family has maintained power and wealth
through the current day as Emilio Azcárraga Jean, a
great-grandson of one of the members of the first generation of
the Jean family to arrive in Mexico, owns Televisa, a major mass
media company with one of the largest audiences for
Spanish-language content in the world.
eBook
State-Business Alliances and Economic Development
This book argues that a key dynamic behind economic development in the emerging markets is the coordination between the state and businesses. Exploring the links between institutions, state--business alliances and economic development in the context of tumultuous market transitions since the 1980s, the book tackles the formation and sustainability of coordination-inducing institutions besides their mere existence, and points out the new modalities of coordination in the age of new developmentalism. Based on extensive original research in Turkey and Mexico embedded in a comparative historical analysis, the book shows how state--business alliances have been formed, collapsed and re-formed between the respective states and shifting business actors since the launching of market transitions. It demonstrates how both the state and business actors, and their cohesiveness vs. fragmentation, play crucial roles in the making and sustainability of the institutions, which are central to state--business alliances. It explores the emergence of new actors, the diversification of the organizational landscape, and the evolution of the ways in which the states interact with businesses throughout major economic and political transformations that helped transform the respective states and their interactions with the non-state actors. It draws on the meandering developmental trajectories of Turkey and Mexico from the 1970s to the present and goes on to draw some lessons for institution-building and market reforms in selected countries in North Africa.
eBook
Atenco Lives
The People's Front in Defense of Land of Atenco (the \"Frente\") is
an emblematic force in contemporary Mexican politics and in
anti-capitalist, anti-neoliberal activist networks throughout the
world. Best known for years of resistance against the encroachment
of a government airport project on communal farmland, the Frente
also became international news when its members were subject to
state violence, rape, and intimidation in a brutal government
crackdown in 2006. Through it all, documentary filmmaking has been
one aspect of the Frente and its allies' efforts. The
contradictions and difficulties of this moral and political project
emerge in the day-to-day experiences of local, national, and
international filmmakers and film distributors seeking to
participate in the social movement. Stone highlights the importance
of how the circulation of the physical videos, and not just their
content, promotes the social movement. More broadly she shows how
videographers perform their activism, navigating the tensions
between neoliberal personhood or ego and an ethos of compañerismo
that privileges community. Grounded in the lived experiences of
Atenco's activists and allied filmmakers, Atenco Lives!
documents the making and circulating of films as an ethical and
political practice purposefully used to transform human
relationships.
eBook
Gender and the Mexican Revolution
The state of Yucatan is commonly considered to have been a hotbed of radical feminism during the Mexican Revolution. Challenging this romanticized view, Stephanie Smith examines the revolutionary reforms designed to break women's ties to tradition and religion, as well as the ways in which women shaped these developments.Smith analyzes the various regulations introduced by Yucatan's two revolution-era governors, Salvador Alvarado and Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Like many revolutionary leaders throughout Mexico, the Yucatan policy makers professed allegiance to women's rights and socialist principles. Yet they, too, passed laws and condoned legal practices that excluded women from equal participation and reinforced their inferior status.Using court cases brought by ordinary women, including those of Mayan descent, Smith demonstrates the importance of women's agency during the Mexican Revolution. But, she says, despite the intervention of women at many levels of Yucatecan society, the rigid definition of women's social roles as strictly that of wives and mothers within the Mexican nation guaranteed that long-term, substantial gains remained out of reach for most women for years to come.
eBook
Courting Democracy in Mexico
This book documents Mexico's gradual transition to democracy, written from a perspective which pits opposition activists' post-electoral conflicts against their usage of regime-constructed electoral courts at the centre of the democratization process. It addresses the puzzle of why, during key moments of Mexico's 27-year democratic transition, opposition parties failed to use autonomous electoral courts established to mitigate the country's often violent post-electoral disputes, despite formal guarantees of court independence from the Party of the Institutional Revolution (PRI), Mexico's ruling party for 71 years (preceeding the watershed 2000 presidential elections). Drawing on hundreds of author interviews throughout Mexico over a three-year period and extensive archival research, the author explores choices by the rightist National Action Party (PAN) and the leftist Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) between post-electoral conflict resolution via electoral courts and via traditional routes - mobilization and bargaining with the PRI-state.
eBook
Chasing the Santa Fe Ring
Anyone who has even a casual acquaintance with the history of New Mexico in the nineteenth century has heard of the Santa Fe Ring-seekers of power and wealth in the post-Civil War period famous for public corruption and for dispossessing land holders. Surprisingly, however, scholars have alluded to the Ring but never really described this shadowy entity, which to this day remains a kind of black hole in New Mexico's territorial history. David Caffey looks beyond myth and symbol to explore its history. Who were its supposed members, and what did they do to deserve their unsavory reputation? Were their actions illegal or unethical? What were the roles of leading figures like Stephen B. Elkins and Thomas B. Catron? What was their influence on New Mexico's struggle for statehood?
Caffey's book tells the story of the rise and fall of this remarkably durable alliance.
eBook