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"Pond"
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What's in a pond?
\"Simple nonfiction text and full-color photographs present animals and plants found in a pond\"-- Provided by the publisher.
Book
Quantifying rapid spatial and temporal variations of CO.sub.2 fluxes from small, lowland freshwater ponds
Small ponds comprise a substantial portion of the total area of the Earth's inland waters. They can be powerful carbon sinks or sources, potentially significant processors of organic carbon. Our understanding of their role is constrained by the absence of information regarding their CO.sub.2 fluxes (F CO.sub.2) and how these change with wet or dry phases and across distinct pond plant communities. We monitored the F CO.sub.2 from 26 neighbouring small ponds over a 2-week drying period in late summer in 2014. The mean F CO.sub.2 on day 1 (-641 ± 1490 mg m.sup.-2 day.sup.-1) represented a net intake across the site. As ponds dried they switched to becoming CO.sub.2 sources resulting in a net site emission of CO.sub.2 by day 12 (3792 ± 2755 mg m.sup.-2 day.sup.-1) although flux rates did not vary systematically between plant communities. Significant variability in the F CO.sub.2 was observed amongst adjacent ponds on individual sampling days, resulting in marked spatial heterogeneity in CO.sub.2 processing. This large degree of temporal and spatial heterogeneity across short time periods and small distances highlights the variability in the F CO.sub.2 from temporary systems, making it hard to generalize their role in carbon cycle models.
Journal Article
Pond wildlife
\"Examines different kinds of pond habitats, and the creatures that are found both in the water and on its edge, from bass to grass snakes to herons.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Comparative Study of Shallow Solar Ponds with Different Depths
In this paper, an attempt has been made to design and construct the shallow solar ponds with different depths such as 0.06 m and 0.15 m at Coimbatore (11 ͦ - latitude and 77 ͦ - longitudes), Tamilnadu, and India. The experiments have been carried out during the period from January-March 2012. The energy balance equations have been written for different elements of the two shallow solar ponds such as upper glass cover, lower glass cover and pond water and solved analytically. The performance of the two shallow solar ponds has been compared and found that the maximum temperature of the pond water in different depths (0.06 m and 0.15 m) of shallow solar pond is found to be 57 C and 42 C.
Journal Article
What do you find in a pond?
\"Photographs and descriptive text help budding young scientists discover the plants and animals that live in ... freshwater ecosystems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
New policy directions for global pond conservation
Despite the existence of well‐established international environmental and nature conservation policies (e.g., the Ramsar Convention and Convention on Biological Diversity) ponds are largely missing from national and international legislation and policy frameworks. Ponds are among the most biodiverse and ecologically important freshwater habitats, and their value lies not only in individual ponds, but more importantly, in networks of ponds (pondscapes). Ponds make an important contribution to society through the ecosystem services they provide, with effective conservation of pondscapes essential to ensuring that these services are maintained. Implementation of current pond conservation through individual site designations does not function at the landscape scale, where ponds contribute most to biodiversity. Conservation and management of pondscapes should complement current national and international nature conservation and water policy/legislation, as pondscapes can provide species protection in landscapes where large‐scale traditional conservation areas cannot be established (e.g., urban or agricultural landscapes). We propose practical steps for the effective incorporation or enhancement of ponds within five policy areas: through open water sustainable urban drainage systems in urban planning, increased incentives in agrienvironment schemes, curriculum inclusion in education, emphasis on ecological scale in mitigation measures following anthropogenic developments, and the inclusion of pondscapes in conservation policy.
Journal Article
Would you rather be a pollywog? : all about pond life
Early readers learn biological concepts through this informative, rhyming book about the many and varied kinds of pond life.
Book
Frog heaven : ecology of a vernal pool
Examines the functions and features of a vernal pool where salamanders, wood frogs, tree frogs, and other native inhabitants live and breed, enhanced with full-color photographs from the author of Bizarre Bugs.
Book
Chironomid-based water depth reconstructions: an independent evaluation of site-specific and local inference models
Water depth is an important environmental variable that explains a significant portion of the variation in the chironomid fauna of shallow lakes. We developed site-specific and local chironomid water-depth inference models using 26 and 104 surface-sediment samples, respectively, from seven kettlehole lakes in the Plymouth Aquifer, southeast Massachusetts, USA. Our site-specific model spans a depth gradient of 5.6 m, has an [Formula: see text] of 0.90, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.5 m and maximum bias of 0.7 m. Our local model has a depth gradient of 11.7 m, an [Formula: see text] of 0.71, RMSEP of 1.6 m and maximum bias of 2.9 m. Principal coordinates of neighbourhood matrices (PCNM) analysis showed that there is no influence of spatial autocorrelation on the site-specific model, but PCNM variables explained a significant amount of variance (4.8%) in the local model. This variance, however, is unique from the variance explained by water depth. We applied the inference models to a Holocene chironomid record from Crooked Pond, a site for which multiple, independent palaeohydrological reconstructions are available. The chironomid-based reconstructions are remarkably similar and show stable water depths of ~5 m, interrupted by a 2-m decrease between 4,200 and 3,200 cal a BP. Sedimentological evidence of water level fluctuations at Crooked Pond, obtained using the so-called Digerfeldt approach, also shows a drop in water depths around that time. The period of reconstructed lower water levels coincides with the abrupt decline in moisture-dependent hemlock in this region, providing further evidence for this major palaeohydrological event. The site-specific model has the best performance statistics, but the high percent abundance of fossil taxa from the long core that are absent or rare in the training set makes the site-specific reconstruction unreliable for the period before 4,400 cal a BP. The fossil taxa are well represented in the local model, making it the preferred inference model. The strong similarity between the chironomid-based reconstructions and the independent palaeohydrological records highlights the potential for using chironomid-based inference models to determine past lake depths at sites where temperature was not an influencing factor.
Journal Article