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"Pond ecology."
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Frog heaven : ecology of a vernal pool
Examines the functions and features of a vernal pool where salamanders, wood frogs, tree frogs, and other native inhabitants live and breed, enhanced with full-color photographs from the author of Bizarre Bugs.
Book
Structure and diversity of intestinal methanogens in black carp
The present research investigation aims to examine the community features of methanogens in the intestinal tract of black and grass carp, as well as their association with methanogens in water samples. Samples of black carp, grass carp and water in a pond were gathered in Spring 2021. Using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform, the metagenomic mcrA gene sequences of black carp, grass carp and cultured water specimens were determined and analyzed. The outcomes indicate that the richness and diversity of methanogens in the intestinal tract of black and carp grass carp were highly correlated with the cultured water. Five bacterial genera were found in the three sets of samples, Methanosarcina, Methanocorpusculum, Methanospirillum, Methanobacterium and Methanofollis, in which Methanosarcina and Methanocorpusculum were the dominant genera. In addition, Methanosarcina had the greatest amount in grass carp and Methanocorpusculum had the greatest quantity in black carp. In conclusion, Methanosarcina and Methanocorpusculum were the main methanogens in the digestive tract of black and grass carp and culture water, and hydrolytic fermentative bacteria were its main metabolic substrate, hydrotrophic was its main metabolic pathway. The results will provide a reference for the relationship between intestinal methanogens and aquaculture and the greenhouse effect.
Journal Article
What's in a pond?
\"Simple nonfiction text and full-color photographs present animals and plants found in a pond\"-- Provided by the publisher.
Book
New policy directions for global pond conservation
Despite the existence of well‐established international environmental and nature conservation policies (e.g., the Ramsar Convention and Convention on Biological Diversity) ponds are largely missing from national and international legislation and policy frameworks. Ponds are among the most biodiverse and ecologically important freshwater habitats, and their value lies not only in individual ponds, but more importantly, in networks of ponds (pondscapes). Ponds make an important contribution to society through the ecosystem services they provide, with effective conservation of pondscapes essential to ensuring that these services are maintained. Implementation of current pond conservation through individual site designations does not function at the landscape scale, where ponds contribute most to biodiversity. Conservation and management of pondscapes should complement current national and international nature conservation and water policy/legislation, as pondscapes can provide species protection in landscapes where large‐scale traditional conservation areas cannot be established (e.g., urban or agricultural landscapes). We propose practical steps for the effective incorporation or enhancement of ponds within five policy areas: through open water sustainable urban drainage systems in urban planning, increased incentives in agrienvironment schemes, curriculum inclusion in education, emphasis on ecological scale in mitigation measures following anthropogenic developments, and the inclusion of pondscapes in conservation policy.
Journal Article
Pond wildlife
\"Examines different kinds of pond habitats, and the creatures that are found both in the water and on its edge, from bass to grass snakes to herons.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Alteration of stream temperature by natural and artificial beaver dams
Beaver are an integral component of hydrologic, geomorphic, and biotic processes within North American stream systems, and their propensity to build dams alters stream and riparian structure and function to the benefit of many aquatic and terrestrial species. Recognizing this, beaver relocation efforts and/or application of structures designed to mimic the function of beaver dams are increasingly being utilized as effective and cost-efficient stream and riparian restoration approaches. Despite these verities, the notion that beaver dams negatively impact stream habitat remains common, specifically the assumption that beaver dams increase stream temperatures during summer to the detriment of sensitive biota such as salmonids. In this study, we tracked beaver dam distributions and monitored water temperature throughout 34 km of stream for an eight-year period between 2007 and 2014. During this time the number of natural beaver dams within the study area increased by an order of magnitude, and an additional 4 km of stream were subject to a restoration manipulation that included installing a high-density of Beaver Dam Analog (BDA) structures designed to mimic the function of natural beaver dams. Our observations reveal several mechanisms by which beaver dam development may influence stream temperature regimes; including longitudinal buffering of diel summer temperature extrema at the reach scale due to increased surface water storage, and creation of cool-water channel scale temperature refugia through enhanced groundwater-surface water connectivity. Our results suggest that creation of natural and/or artificial beaver dams could be used to mitigate the impact of human induced thermal degradation that may threaten sensitive species.
Journal Article
What do you find in a pond?
\"Photographs and descriptive text help budding young scientists discover the plants and animals that live in ... freshwater ecosystems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Dispersal mode and spatial extent influence distance-decay patterns in pond metacommunities
Assuming that dispersal modes or abilities can explain the different responses of organisms to geographic or environmental distances, the distance-decay relationship is a useful tool to evaluate the relative role of local environmental structuring versus regional control in community composition. Based on continuing the current theoretical framework on metacommunity dynamics and based on the predictive effect of distance on community similarity, we proposed a new framework that includes the effect of spatial extent. In addition, we tested the validity of our proposal by studying the community similarity among three biotic groups with different dispersal modes (macrofaunal active and passive dispersers and plants) from two pond networks, where one network had a small spatial extent, and the other network had an extent that was 4 times larger. Both pond networks have similar environmental variability. Overall, we found that environmental distance had larger effects than geographical distances in both pond networks. Moreover, our results suggested that species sorting is the main type of metacommunity dynamics shaping all biotic groups when the spatial extent is larger. In contrast, when the spatial extent is smaller, the observed distance-decay patterns suggested that different biotic groups were mainly governed by different metacommunity dynamics. While the distance-decay patterns of active dispersers better fit the trend that was expected when mass effects govern a metacommunity, passive dispersers showed a pattern that was expected when species sorting prevails. Finally, in the case of plants, it is difficult to associate their distance-decay patterns with one type of metacommunity dynamics.
Journal Article
Vertical distribution of methanotrophic archaea in an iron-rich groundwater discharge zone
Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to iron reduction (Fe-AOM) is a crucial process for methane removal in terrestrial environments. However, the occurrence of Fe-AOM in natural environments is rare, and the mechanisms behind the direct coupling of methane oxidation and iron reduction remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the environmental factors influencing the distribution of methanotrophic archaea in an iron-rich zone of a freshwater pond in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. High concentration of dissolved ferrous iron supplied by groundwater discharge led to considerable ferrihydrite precipitation. Pore water methane increased with sediment depth, while nitrate and sulfate concentrations were near detection limits throughout the sediment column. The coexistence of ferric iron and methane suggests the ongoing process of Fe-AOM. Tracer-based experiments using 14 C showed potential Fe-AOM rates up to 110 pmol mL -1 day -1 . Throughout the sediment core, except at the surface, PCR-based molecular ecological analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and functional genes for anaerobic oxidation of methane revealed abundant sequences belonging to the family “ Candidatus Methanoperedenaceae”. These geochemical and microbiological findings suggest that Fe-AOM plays a key role in biogeochemical cycles of iron and methane, positioning this environment as a modern analogue of early Earth conditions.
Journal Article