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Stretched Thin
When the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act became law in 1996, the architects of welfare reform celebrated what they called the new \"consensus\" on welfare: that cash assistance should be temporary and contingent on recipients' seeking and finding employment. However, assessments about the assumptions and consequences of this radical change to the nation's social safety net were actually far more varied and disputed than the label \"consensus\" suggests.
By examining the varied realities and accountings of welfare restructuring, Stretched Thin looks back at a critical moment of policy change and suggests how welfare policy in the United States can be changed to better address the needs of poor families and the nation. Using ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews with poor families and welfare workers, survey data tracking more than 750 families over two years, and documentary evidence, Sandra Morgen, Joan Acker, and Jill Weigt question the validity of claims that welfare reform has been a success. They show how poor families, welfare workers, and welfare administrators experienced and assessed welfare reform differently based on gender, race, class, and their varying positions of power and control within the welfare state.
The authors document the ways that, despite the dramatic drop in welfare rolls, low-wage jobs and inadequate social supports left many families struggling in poverty. Revealing how the neoliberal principles of a drastically downsized welfare state and individual responsibility for economic survival were implemented through policies and practices of welfare provision and nonprovision, the authors conclude with new recommendations for reforming welfare policy to reduce poverty, promote economic security, and foster shared prosperity.
eBook
Just Don't Get Sick
The ability to obtain health care is fundamental to the security, stability, and well-being of poor families. Government-sponsored programs provide temporary support, but as families leave welfare for work, they find themselves without access to coverage or care. The low-wage jobs that individuals in transition are typically able to secure provide few benefits yet often disqualify employees from receiving federal aid.Drawing upon statistical data and in-depth interviews with over five hundred families in Oregon, Karen Seccombe and Kim Hoffman assess the ways in which welfare reform affects the well-being of adults and children who leave the program for work. We hear of asthmatic children whose uninsured but working mothers cannot obtain the preventive medicines to keep them well, and stories of pregnant women receiving little or no prenatal care who end up in emergency rooms with life-threatening conditions.Representative of poor communities nationwide, the vivid stories recounted here illuminate the critical relationship between health insurance coverage and the ability to transition from welfare to work.
eBook
Farm-to-school education grants reach low-income children and encourage them to learn about fruits and vegetables
Oregon’s Farm to School Education Grant Program reached students in low-income districts, enabled districts to conduct farm to school educational activities, and allowed children to learn about local produce.
Journal Article
Does Health Insurance Continuity Among Low-income Adults Impact Their Children’s Insurance Coverage?
Parent’s insurance coverage is associated with children’s insurance status, but little is known about whether a parent’s coverage
continuity
affects a child’s coverage. This study assesses the association between an adult’s insurance continuity and the coverage status of their children. We used data from a subgroup of participants in the Oregon Health Care Survey, a three-wave, 30-month prospective cohort study (n = 559). We examined the relationship between the length of time an adult had health insurance coverage and whether or not all children in the same household were insured at the end of the study. We used a series of univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify significant associations and the rho correlation coefficient to assess collinearity. A dose response relationship was observed between continuity of adult coverage and the odds that all children in the household were insured. Among adults with continuous coverage, 91.4% reported that all children were insured at the end of the study period, compared to 83.7% of adults insured for 19–27 months, 74.3% of adults insured for 10–18 months, and 70.8% of adults insured for fewer than 9 months. This stepwise pattern persisted in logistic regression models: adults with the fewest months of coverage, as compared to those continuously insured, reported the highest odds of having uninsured children (adjusted odds ratio 7.26, 95% confidence interval 2.75, 19.17). Parental health insurance continuity is integral to maintaining children’s insurance coverage. Policies to promote continuous coverage for adults will indirectly benefit children.
Journal Article
Obtaining Health Care Services for Low-Income Children: A Hierarchy of Needs
Introduction . Basic health care is beyond the reach of many families, partly due to lack of health insurance. Many of those with insurance also experience unmet need and limited access. In this study, low-income parents illuminate barriers to obtaining health care services for their children. Methods . We surveyed a random sample of families from Oregon’s food stamp population with children eligible for public insurance, based on household income. Mixed-methods included: (1) multivariable analysis of data from 2,681 completed surveys, and (2) qualitative study of written narratives from 722 parents. Results . Lack of health insurance was the most consistent predictor of unmet health care needs in the quantitative analysis. Qualitatively, health insurance instability, lack of access to services despite having insurance, and unaffordable costs were major concerns. Conclusions . Parents in this low-income population view insurance coverage as different from access to services, and reported a hierarchy of needs. Insurance was the primary concern; access and costs were secondary.
Journal Article
Wrong Side of the Tracks: Social Inequality and Mobile Home Park Residence
Given the emerging social stratification of post-agrarian small-towns, potential effects are apt to be exacerbated for rural poor families such as those residing in mobile home parks, a now characteristic rural neighborhood form. Although a mobile home park offers affordable access to rural residence, social costs are attached to such access. This paper examines the intersection between mobile home park residence and social disadvantage. Drawing on an ethnographic field study in rural Oregon, findings reveal distinct conditional features of place that determine the nature of how rural inequality is emerging and the implications for poor and working-poor families.
Journal Article
Consequences of states' policies for SCHIP disenrollment
Policymakers are concerned about disenrollment from the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). We describe disenrollment in Florida, Kansas, New York, and Oregon and assess the links between disenrollment and States' SCHIP policies. We found that SCHIP is used on a long-term basis (at least 2 years) for a significant group of new enrollees and as temporary coverage (fewer than 12 months) for many others. Recertification generates large disenrollments (about one-half of children still enrolled at the time), but as many as 25 percent return within 2 months. The increased disenrollment rate at recertification is completely eliminated by a policy of passive re-enrollment.
Journal Article
Creation Vacation Brings Low-Income Families to Camp
A study examining outcomes of a free camp for low-income families in Oregon surveyed 19 participant families. Enjoying the outdoors, spending time together as a family, and meeting new people from their communities were significant outcomes. A 5-month follow-up survey found positive program outcomes that continued after the experience. (TD)
Magazine Article