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This research outlines the development of a specialized cultivar of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), designed for dual purposes. The primary goal was to breed a variety well-adapted to specific environmental conditions, with a focus on producing poppy straw rich in morphine for industrial applications. Progeny evaluation was conducted using selection and pedigree methods, with morphological characteristics assessed according to UPOV TG 166/4 guidelines. Six years of selection resulted in the material becoming homogenized and stabilized. The progeny achieved an average morphine content of 1.31% to 1.55%, with the best lines reaching up to 2.00%. These stable lines formed the foundation for the approval process. Following successful evaluations in Slovak state variety trials, the cultivar Senmorteco was officially registered. This variety serves a dual purpose: producing poppy straw for morphine extraction and poppy seeds for food use.

Due to the scarcity of wood in some countries, it is necessary to replace it with other raw materials and at the same time use the waste material. The aim of this research is to use poppy waste straw for the efficient conversion of possible lignocellulosic materials – pulps and particleboards. Their suitability for the production of composites is assessed on the basis of selected physical or mechanical properties. Tensile strength index, burst strength index and air permeability by Gurley have been identified as critical properties of pulp made from poppy straw through two delignification methods. The better mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength index, were achieved at 52.7 N·m/g for the sodium pulp, but the nitrate-alkali method also showed corresponding values at 45.9 N·m/g. Similar parameters to those of bagasse or similar fast-growing plants were achieved in particleboard production. The results of this research are used to evaluate poppy straw as an alternative raw material to produce biocomposites.

Abstract This research outlines the development of a specialized cultivar of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), designed for dual purposes. The primary goal was to breed a variety well-adapted to specific environmental conditions, with a focus on producing poppy straw rich in morphine for industrial applications. Progeny evaluation was conducted using selection and pedigree methods, with morphological characteristics assessed according to UPOV TG 166/4 guidelines. Six years of selection resulted in the material becoming homogenized and stabilized. The progeny achieved an average morphine content of 1.31% to 1.55%, with the best lines reaching up to 2.00%. These stable lines formed the foundation for the approval process. Following successful evaluations in Slovak state variety trials, the cultivar Senmorteco was officially registered. This variety serves a dual purpose: producing poppy straw for morphine extraction and poppy seeds for food use.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgment References

The rise in crime associated with the illicit trafficking in narcotics and psychotropic substances is one of the most severe problems in Russia today. In recent years, cases of using seeds of poppy plant “masked as food,” the bulk of which contains macroparticles of poppy straw visible to an unaided eye and which can be used as raw materials for the preparation of narcotic substances have become more frequent. In his work, using a Delta V Advantage isotopic mass spectrometer, we proposed criteria based on which tone can reveal artificial superinducements of poppy straw into “food” poppy seeds or their absence.

Since cheese has always been imported into the hot and humid South, cooking it in cracker form has long been a southern way of preserving the cheese, or at least the cheese flavor. Outside the South, cheese straws just don't seem to be a part of the vernacular. One finds them here and there, but only in the South do they seem so firmly entrenched as truly regional fare, like boiled peanuts or grits.

Poppy capsules with a high alkaloid content are of great importance to the pharmaceutical industry, because approximately 35 000 tons of straw (capsule with short stem), 350 tons of straw concentrate, and 1000 tons of opium are used annually for extraction of morphinane alkaloids.The combined use of four different liquid chromatographic methods is proposed for determination of alkaloid content. In the first, semi-quantitative, method screening is performed by multilayer overpressured-layer chromatography (MLOPLC) in which 142 samples are separated on silica as stationary phase within 5 s per sample. If the morphine content is >1.3% it is then measured quantitatively by NPHPTLC (normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography) combined with densitometric evaluation. A second, quantitative, determination is always performed by means of a rapid RPHPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) method in which the separation time is less than 4 min per sample. If the difference between the alkaloid content measured by use of the last two methods is >12% a confirmatory RPHPLC method with increased selectivity and analysis time (15 min) must be used.The high throughput strategy presented has been used for analysis of ca. 15 000 samples per year, per genotype. Systematic selection, cross-breeding, and this analytical strategy with combined planar and column liquid chromatographic methods resulted in the discovery of two new candidate cultivars with high morphine (ca. 2%) and thebaine (ca. 1.5%) content.

A set of 208 Indian and two Thai germplasm accessions of opium poppy Papaver somniferum were assessed for variation in 17 morphological characters, seed yield and content and yield of morphine from capsules and peduncles. The germplasm was found to be highly variable for all the characters evaluated. In the harvested peduncles and capsules, 13% was peduncle straw, 61% seeds and the rest capsule husk. The peduncle and capsule straw yields ranged between 0.6–2.2 and 1.4–5.3 g plant-1, respectively. Morphine content in the peduncle varied between about 0.001–0.24% and that in the capsule from 0.02 to 1.05%. On average basis morphine content in the capsule husk was more than 9-fold higher than the peduncle straw. The plant morphine yields from peduncles and capsules ranged between 1.2 and 28.6 mg plant-1. Four accessions yielded more than 20 mg of morphine plant-1. Among these, in one of the accessions about 13% of the morphine was contributed by the peduncle. The plants of high morphine yielding accessions were generally small in height, and bore white flowers and large sized ungrooved capsules with a small number of seeds, on a large peduncle.

Presents recommendations of United Kingdom secretary of state for foreign and commonwealth affairs to House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee about violence in Iraq, troop deployments, private military companies, formation of Iraqi security forces, Development Fund for Iraq, prisoner abuses in Abu Ghraib, and related topics.