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How do terrorist groups control their members? Do the tools groups use to monitor their operatives and enforce discipline create security vulnerabilities that governments can exploit?The Terrorist's Dilemmais the first book to systematically examine the great variation in how terrorist groups are structured. Employing a broad range of agency theory, historical case studies, and terrorists' own internal documents, Jacob Shapiro provocatively discusses the core managerial challenges that terrorists face and illustrates how their political goals interact with the operational environment to push them to organize in particular ways. Shapiro provides a historically informed explanation for why some groups have little hierarchy, while others resemble miniature firms, complete with line charts and written disciplinary codes. Looking at groups in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America, he highlights how consistent and widespread the terrorist's dilemma--balancing the desire to maintain control with the need for secrecy--has been since the 1880s. Through an analysis of more than a hundred terrorist autobiographies he shows how prevalent bureaucracy has been, and he utilizes a cache of internal documents from al-Qa'ida in Iraq to outline why this deadly group used so much paperwork to handle its people. Tracing the strategic interaction between terrorist leaders and their operatives, Shapiro closes with a series of comparative case studies, indicating that the differences in how groups in the same conflict approach their dilemmas are consistent with an agency theory perspective. The Terrorist's Dilemmademonstrates the management constraints inherent to terrorist groups and sheds light on specific organizational details that can be exploited to more efficiently combat terrorist activity.

An interview with activist Khalida Ratrout Jarrar is presented. Among other things, Jarrar describes her experience in an Israeli prison where she spent fifteen months for membership in an illegal organization and incitement.

In understanding the decline of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the analysis of its political agency allows the identification of a pattern of policy fluctuation that recurs throughout several critical phases of its trajectory. In this regard, the First Intifada is a case in point. The new geographical setting, the strong network of affiliated organizations and the more favourable balance of power with Fatah represented a major opportunity for the PFLP to revive its political initiative and increase its political weight. However, the PFLP was unable to grasp this opportunity due to its inconsistencies in confronting the main challenges posed by the Intifada, namely Fatah's diplomatic agenda, the relations with the PFLP's branch in the Territories, the fragmentation of the Palestinian Left and the rise of the Islamist movement. Resorting to a systematic study of the PFLP's official publications and to interviews with former and current militants, this article identifies the pattern of policy fluctuation that transformed the First Intifada into a turning point in its weakening process. This pattern acquires further relevance since it illustrates the basic poles of tensions behind the fluctuation of the PFLP's political conduct throughout the following decades.

كشفت الورقة عن مسيرة القائد أحمد سعدات في مقاومة الاحتلال الإسرائيلي. وقدمت الورقة نبذة مختصر عن سيرته الذاتية. كما كشفت عن أسباب اعتقاله من جانب السلطة الإسرائيلية، ومن جانب السلطة الفلسطينية. ثم تطرقت الورقة إلى نهجه الثوري، وعلاقته بالأمين العام أبو علي مصطفي، وسبب مشاركته في اغتيال الوزير الإسرائيلي رحبعام زئيفي، وموقفه من التطورات الحاصلة في الساحة العربية (الربيع العربي)، وموقفه من بعض القضايا السياسية على الساحة الفلسطينية مثل: قضية التنسيق الأمني والاعتقال السياسي، والمصالحة الفلسطينية، وانعقاد المجلس الوطني، ومنظمة التحرير، والمفاوضات الفلسطينية - الإسرائيلية. وأكدت الورقة على إن أحمد سعدات قائد ثوري وحدوي ونموذج فريد، كرس حياته لمقاومة الاحتلال، فجزء كبير من حياته أمضاه وهو مطارد، والجزء الأكبر الذي مازال متواصلا بكل قساوته أمضاه في سجون الاحتلال، وأنه على قناعة تامة بأن المفاوضات مع الكيان الصهيوني لن ترجع للفلسطينيين حقوقهم، فهو من أبرز المعارضين لاتفاقية أوسلو. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2018

This article, based on extensive interviews between May and October 1999 with serious representatives of all ten Damascus-based opposition groups, outlines the history, purpose, and activities of the alliance as well as the histories, ideologies, and interrelationships of the member factions. A final section addresses the present challenges and how the alliance is facing them.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Objective Case Selection Al‐Fatah Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) Comparisons Conclusion References

This chapter contains sections titled: The Road to Insurgency The Potential for Further Violence in Northern Ireland All Gave Some, Some Gave All: Terrorism, Trauma and Violence Conclusion References

Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic TitleSince the first airplane hijacking by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine in September 1970, Middle Eastern terrorists have sacrificed innocent human lives in the name of ideology. From Black September to the Munich Olympics, to the embassy bombing in Beirut, to the devastating attacks of September 11 and beyond, terrorism has emerged as the most important security concern of our time.\"Where did this come from?\" Inspired by a student's question on the morning of September 11, 2001, Mark Ensalaco has written a thoroughly researched narrative account of the origins of Middle Eastern terrorism, addressing when and why terrorists started targeting Americans and American interests and what led to the September 11 attacks.Ensalaco reveals the changing of motivations from secular Palestinian nationalism to militant Islam and demonstrates how competition among terrorists for resources and notoriety has driven them to increasingly extreme tactics. As he argues, terrorist attacks grew from spectacle to atrocity. Drawing on popular works and scholarly sources, Middle Eastern Terrorism tells this story in rich detail and with great clarity and insight.

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This book offers an historical account of Israel's bold but often failed efforts to fight terrorist groups. Beginning with the violent border disputes that emerged after Israel's founding in 1948, the book charts the rise of Yasir Arafat's Fatah and leftist groups such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine—organizations that ushered in the era of international terrorism epitomized by the 1972 hostage-taking at the Munich Olympics. The book reveals how Israel fought these groups and others, such as Hamas, in the decades that follow, with particular attention to the grinding and painful struggle during the second intifada. Israel's debacles in Lebanon against groups like the Hizballah are examined in-depth, as is the country's problematic response to Jewish terrorist groups that have struck at Arabs and Israelis seeking peace. In surveying Israel's response to terror, the book points to the coups of shadowy Israeli intelligence services, the much-emulated use of defensive measures such as sky marshals on airplanes, and the role of controversial techniques such as targeted killings and the security barrier that separates Israel from Palestinian areas. Equally instructive are the shortcomings that have undermined Israel's counterterrorism goals, including a disregard for long-term planning and a failure to recognize the long-term political repercussions of counterterrorism tactics.