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"Porgera (Papua New Guinea) Social conditions 21st century."
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How the Enga Cope with Frost in the 21st Century: Food Insecurity, Migration, and Development in the Papua New Guinea Highlands
We use a mixed methods approach to examine high-altitude subsistence horticulturalists’ responses to food insecurity caused by El Niño related droughts and frosts in the Papua New Guinea highlands. Customarily, high-altitude dwellers experiencing food insecurity migrate to lower-altitude food secure areas. We use quantitative data, such as household dietary diversity scores, household food insecurity access scores, and mid-upper arm circumference measures, to assess nutritional differences in two locations where migration has been documented in the past. We then turn to qualitative data gathered through participant observation, interviews, and focus group discussions, to examine why migration in the twenty-first century is not a viable option for the mitigation of food insecurity for high-altitude dwellers. Certain mitigation strategies are used, but impacts of development, such as resource extraction, monetization, conflict, and the erosion of collective social structures, have reshaped peoples’ responses to climate change and food security.
Journal Article