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In 2019, a new Directive (EU) 2019/883 on port facilities for the reception of ship-generated waste was adopted at the level of the European Union), repealing the old Directive 2000/59/EC of 2000 (hereinafter: Directive (EU) 2019/883). In order to implement the Directive (EU) 2019/883 into the national legal system, in 2021 the Republic of Croatia adopted a new Ordinance on the terms and methods of maintaining order in ports and other parts of the internal sea waters and the territorial sea of the Republic of Croatia (hereinafter: Ordinance) and thus transposed the new regulations on the delivery and handling of ship-generated waste into the Croatian legal system. The aim of the paper is to present the new solutions for the reception and handling of ship-generated waste from the Directive (EU) 2019/883 and to compare the solutions from the Directive (EU) 2019/883 with the Croatian legal framework for the reception and handling of ship-generated waste through a comparative analysis. Finally, an assessment of the creation of an adequate legal framework for the reception and handling of ship-generated waste in Croatian ports is provided, as well as suggestions for filling existing legal gaps. An analysis of the Croatian legal framework has shown that there are mutual inconsistencies, and that there is a need to revise the provisions of the Maritime Code and the Ordinance when receiving and handling of ship-generated waste.

Tahuna (North Sulawesi) and Natuna (Riau Islands) are included in the 3TP (underdeveloped, remote, outermost, and border) areas and use sea transportation to support for their economic activities. High inflation and price disparities are economic problems in this area. “Tol Laut” is government initiative designed to distribute essential basic goods, through a subsidized sea transportation system. These routes connect the economic hub in Java with the 3TP areas. The analysis process uses a mix method, quantitative and qualitative analysis. Port Assessment analysis using weighted scoring, Supply Demand Analysis using index consumption demand, and Regulation Review. To evaluate the implementation of Tol Laut, it focuses on aspects of port location, connectivity, port facilities, potential feeder ships, production performance, hinterland, as well as administration and commerce. Tol Laut in Tahuna can fulfill the supply-demand of essential basic goods significant quantities around 30% from local demand and is supported by the regional government’s commitment, allowing Tol Laut to reduce price disparities. On the contrary, Tol Laut in Natuna can only the supply 16%, resulting inability to control price disparities effectively. There is an urge to optimize and coordinate regarding Tol Laut by involving agencies for the successful enforcement of regulations.

The flow at the leading edge and in the interior of a rectangular porous obstruction is described through experiments and scaling. The porous obstruction consists of an emergent, rectangular array of cylinders in shallow flow, a configuration that mimics aquatic vegetation. The main features of the flow depend upon the non-dimensional canopy flow-blockage, which is a function of the obstruction width and porosity. For the ranges of canopy flow-blockage tested in this paper, the fluid decelerates upstream of the obstruction over a length scale proportional to the array width. For high flow-blockage, the interior adjustment length within the porous obstruction is set by the array width. For low flow-blockage, the array's frontal area per unit volume sets the interior adjustment length. Downstream of the adjustment regions, the interior velocity is governed by a balance between the lateral divergence of the turbulent stress and canopy drag, or by a balance between the pressure gradient and canopy drag, depending on the lateral penetration into the array of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) vortices, which is set by the non-dimensional canopy flow-blockage. For a porous obstruction with two stream-parallel edges, the KH vortex streets along the two edges are in communication across the width of the array: a phenomenon that results in cross-array vortex organization, which significantly enhances the vortex strength and creates significant lateral transport within the porous obstruction.

Metabolic activities in estuaries, especially these of large rivers, profoundly affect the downstream coastal biogeochemistry. Here, we unravel the impacts of large industrial port facilities, showing that elevated metabolic activity in the Hamburg port (Germany) increases total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) runoff to the North Sea. The imports of particulate inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen (PIC, POC, and PON) from the upstream Elbe River can fuel up to 90 % of the TA generated in the entire estuary via calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution. The remaining at least 10 % of TA generation can be attributed to anaerobic metabolic processes such as denitrification of remineralized PON or other pathways. The Elbe Estuary as a whole adds approximately 15 % to the overall DIC and TA runoff. Both the magnitude and partitioning among these processes appear to be sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic changes. Thus, with increased TA loads, the coastal ocean (in particular) would act as a stronger CO2 sink, resulting in changes to the overall coastal system's capacity to store CO2.

This research aims to determine the superior capture fisheries commodities and capture fisheries development strategies in Pidie District. The research was conducted in March-April 2022 in Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia. The data collected in this study is in the form of data (time series) including production data and production value per fish species in 2016-2020. Determination of superior commodities is based on three criteria, namely: production volume, volume of production value and level of fish consumption using the Location Quotient (LQ) method and further analysis using the Comparative Performance Index (CPI) method. The capture fisheries development strategy is carried out by analyzing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the results of the CPI calculation, the leading capture fisheries commodities in Pidie District include marlin fish, followed by dolphinfish, tuna fish, ponyfish, snapper fish and grouper fish. Policy alternatives for the development of capture fisheries in Pidie District are based on the main priorities, namely: improving port facilities and infrastructure (0.489), increasing fishermen’s skills (0.210), increasing the number of fishing units (0.112), building industrial estates (0.107) and maintaining sustainable local wisdom values (0.83).

Martín-Antón, M.; Negro, V.; del Campo, J.M., López-Gutiérrez, J.S., and Esteban M.D., 2016. Review of coastal Land Reclamation situation in the World. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 667–671. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Land reclamation from the sea has been occurring since ancient times, especially in harbors. The vast majority of the world's docks now occupy spaces that were once water and this heavily influences the coastal landscape. Japan has been one of the country's most needing to expand into the sea due to its topography and land requirements for agriculture, urbanization and, especially, industries and port facilities. Ninety per cent of Tokyo Bay's coastline is reclaimed land, which is almost 250 km2 of new land. In the 21st century, this disproportionate conquest of the sea has shifted to other countries. In the Persian Gulf, the coast has been indiscriminately occupied with artificial island projects for residential purposes. Some of them are finding some difficulties, such as “The Palms” and “The World” in Dubai, with a loss of sand, which is effect of currents and waves. In China, due to economic expansion and export needs, industrial areas are spreading on the coast. Caofeidian (Bohai Bay) is the largest landfill island in the world with 150 km2, more than twice the sum of Dubai islands area. This disproportion of public works in Asia contrasts with the rest of the world. For example, the Bay of Algeciras (Spain-UK) is the largest container traffic Port in the Mediterranean with 2.5 km2 of reclaimed land, 100 times less than Tokyo Bay. A further problem associated with this practice is liquefaction, caused mainly by earthquakes, leading to ground subsidence in buildings, such as in Niigata (1964) or in San Francisco (1989), all on reclaimed land. This research paper aims to study land reclamation in the World with current statistics, geotechnical problems, the impact on the coastal landscape and future developments.

The Brazilian port sector faces an urgent need for modernization to meet the demands of the contemporary global economy. A significant challenge lies in the shallow depth of access channels, which hinders the navigation of larger ships with deeper drafts, and the fact that many ports are constrained by the proximity of large cities, limiting their expansion. This study aims to identify Brazilian ports with the potential to accommodate post-Panamax ships, a critical component of modern maritime trade. Using a multi-criteria evaluation system, five key criteria were selected: water depth, land capacity for expansion, dredging requirements, water accessibility, and transport infrastructure. These criteria were systematically applied to 210 Brazilian port facilities, analyzed through QGIS 3.38.3 software using satellite imagery and literature sources. To prioritize the most suitable ports, Pareto analysis and quartile analysis were employed, resulting in the identification of 58 port facilities as prime candidates for expansion. This research provides a data-driven framework to guide the modernization of Brazilian ports, positioning them to better serve the growing demands of the global maritime industry.

Microplastic contamination of coastal environments is a global problem and pellets used in industrial processes are a persistent form of microplastic pollution. Regions that host port facilities and industries may be sources of plastic pellets to local and adjacent coastal areas. This study assessed pellet densities over regional and local scales to provide a greater understanding of the spatio-temporal variation in its inputs to sandy beaches. Pellets were used as a proxy to undertake a multi-scale assessment of the spatial (local vs. regional) and temporal (tides and weather) stranding of microplastics. Regional variation was driven by weather (i.e., rainfall) and distance from source. Local-scale variability was driven by distance from source (along shore), tidal cycle, and beach hydrodynamics. Our results address the large spatio-temporal variability in microplastic pollution and provide useful information for monitoring programs by pointing to the need to consider variability in inputs over both regional and local scales.