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Last month, UK researchers welcomed the appointment of one of their own as science minister, the ultimate position of power in British research. Vallance - a clinical researcher and former head of research and development at drug firm GlaxoSmithKline - spoke to Nature about the challenges ahead of him. There are a number of pressures on universities: a fall in overseas students, no increase in domestic fees and the full economic costs of research. [...]I think there needs to be a long-term solution to all of that.

The nomination for that role from US President Joe Biden had followed Gamble's appointment as the first woman, and African American, to hold the esteemed position of University Professor of Medical Humanities at George Washington University in Washington, DC, USA, where she is also Professor of Health Policy, Professor of American Studies, and Professor of Medicine. “There were so many gaps”, she says, “very few articles and books written specifically on African Americans and health care… Try and get a full picture of a patient. Because the patient in front of you might be your best teacher.”

The frequent occurrence of public health emergencies poses a serious challenge to the emergency response capacity of Chinese nurses. However, nurses still suffer from insufficient emergency response knowledge and unskilled skills. An in-depth understanding of the risk factors affecting the emergency response capacity of nursing staff is needed to promote the overall improvement of the emergency response capacity of the healthcare system. To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of nursing staff's emergency response capacity for public health emergencies, and to provide a reference for the design of a standardized emergency response process, targeted training courses and revision of emergency plans. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2024, using a self-designed general information questionnaire and a public health emergency response capacity scale for nursing staff. A survey was carried out among 4,680 nursing staff from secondary and above general hospitals in the Xinjiang region of China. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of nursing staff's emergency response capacity for public health emergencies. A total of 4292 valid questionnaires were collected. The average score on the emergency response capacity scale was 160.42 ± 24.22, with a mean item score of 4.01 ± 0.61. Multiple linear regression showed that sex, work experience, job title, position, rescue experience, emergency drill experience, presence of anxiety or fear, and willingness to rescue were the factors influencing the emergency response capacity of nursing staff for public health emergencies. Nursing staff in Xinjiang have the ability to deal with public health emergencies, but they still need to accumulate practical experience. Hospital administrators should improve the emergency response ability of nursing staff to address public health emergencies through a tiered training and assessment mechanism.

To explore the status and related factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of poststroke dysphagia among neurological nurses in China. Neurological nurses from 40 tertiary hospitals in Southwest China were invited to complete a survey on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the nursing of poststroke dysphagia. We used a questionnaire to collect the participants' information including the basic characteristics and the KAP Questionnaire on poststroke dysphagia in the neurological ward. A sample of 707 participants completed the survey. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores for the nursing of poststroke dysphagia were 12.00±4.09, 71.99±11.00, 52.22±9.08, respectively. The total score of knowledge towards the nursing of poststroke dysphagia was significantly different among nurses with different ages, working time of nursing, working time of nursing in neurology, the highest level of education, professional title, position, the method of training, the number of dysphagia-related nursing trainings, the total length of dysphagia nursing training, and the nursing basis of patients with dysphagia. The total score of attitudes towards the nursing of poststroke dysphagia was significantly different among nurses with the way they were trained, and the nursing basis for patients with dysphagia. The total score of practice towards poststroke dysphagia was significantly different among nurses with the number of dysphagia-related nursing trainings, the total length of dysphagia nursing training, the training method, and the basis of nursing patients with dysphagia. Neurological nurses' knowledge score in poststroke dysphagia is relatively low, and the knowledge level needs improvement. The attitude and practice score of neurological nurses in dysphagia after stroke was much better than the knowledge score. Managers and nursing researchers should develop and offer effective training for neurological nurses to improve their knowledge, attitude and practice towards poststroke dysphagia, and then improve patients' health outcomes.

Purpose The discrepancy between the content of an article and its title is a key characteristic of fake news. Current methods for detecting fake news often ignore the significant difference in length between the content and its title. In addition, relying solely on textual discrepancies between the title and content to distinguish between real and fake news has proven ineffective. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new approach called semantic enhancement network with content–title discrepancy (SEN–CTD), which enhances the accuracy of fake news detection. Design/methodology/approach The SEN–CTD framework is composed of two primary modules: the SEN and the content–title comparison network (CTCN). The SEN is designed to enrich the representation of news titles by integrating external information and position information to capture the context. Meanwhile, the CTCN focuses on assessing the consistency between the content of news articles and their corresponding titles examining both emotional tones and semantic attributes. Findings The SEN–CTD model performs well on the GossipCop, PolitiFact and RealNews data sets, achieving accuracies of 80.28%, 86.88% and 84.96%, respectively. These results highlight its effectiveness in accurately detecting fake news across different types of content. Originality/value The SEN is specifically designed to improve the representation of extremely short texts, enhancing the depth and accuracy of analyses for brief content. The CTCN is tailored to examine the consistency between news titles and their corresponding content, ensuring a thorough comparative evaluation of both emotional and semantic discrepancies.

In order to improve the level of personalized news recommendation efficiently and accurately, an event network-oriented personalized news recommendation algorithm is proposed. First, the event network is used to analyze, predict users’ interests and preferences, and actively push information content to meet users’ personalized needs, so as to build a personalized news recommendation model. Under the mobile Internet technology, combined with the characteristics of the Internet, through the position and title similarity of sentences in the document and other features, the combined features are formed to calculate the sentence weight. Finally, the sentences are extracted according to the weight ranking to generate the news summary, so as to realize the research on personalized news recommendation algorithm for event network. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high recall and coverage, short time, good recommendation effect, and strong recommendation performance.

To achieve cancer screening in any appointed position in 3D regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as esophagus, stomach and colon, a highly integrated dual hemisphere capsule robot (DHCR) with a novel three-layer nested structure is proposed. Based on tracking effect, in which the robotic axis is likely to be approximately coincident with the orientation of the space universal rotating magnetic field (SURMF) using the gyroscope dynamic balance, the dual hemisphere structure realizes the observation at a fixed-point in the passive mode and the rolling locomotion in the active mode by the dynamic posture control of the SURMF manipulation. The image acquisition module, wireless transmission module and driving actuator are tuned in a spherical structure, making the DHCR more compact and less invasive. To verify the maneuverability of the innovative DHCR both for observation at a fixed-point and navigation in curved intestine by aid of image, experiments are conducted in the simulated GI tract environment. The results show that the DHCR achieves effective conversion between posture adjustment and rolling locomotion, which lays a foundation for all-over inspection and medical operation inside 3D regions of the GI tract of human body.

Primary health workers have great meaning for the whole health-care system. However, China faces a serious shortage of primary health workers in rural areas and urban communities because of their high turnover rates. We aimed to analyse the prevalence and determinants of turnover intention (the intent to change or leave current employment) in a systemic review and meta-analysis, to provide evidence for improving retention measures. In this systemic review and meta-analysis, we searched five English language databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and ASC) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CSPD, and CBM) for studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and May 1, 2018. We used a combination of the terms “(Turnover Intention, Departure Intention, Demission Intention, or Leave Intention), (Primary, Community, Rural, Countryside, or Grass roots), (Health worker, Health Manpower, Health Personnel, Doctor, or Nurse), and (China, or Chinese)” to conduct the search. Eligible studies were observational or descriptive studies done in mainland China, with human participants. Number or percentage related to turnover intention of health workers and related exposures (potential risk factors) had to be explicitly reported in each included study. If it was not feasible to make a quantitative synthesis and conduct a meta-analysis with the data, we used a narrative approach and descriptive statistics by grouping studies that reported the same exposures, to compare their associations with turnover intention of health workers. We did all statistical analyses using Stata (version 13.0) and RevMan (version 5.3). We identified 21 articles investigating a total of 21 466 workers in Chinese primary health institutions. The prevalence of turnover intention ranged from 11·80% to 78·40%. On the basis of our meta-analysis, age (younger vs older odds ratio [OR] 2·04, 95% CI 1·62–2·60), location (rural vs city 2·33, 1·85–2·68), position (junior job title vs senior job title 1·73, 1·45–2·16), salary (low salary vs high salary 2·37, 1·98–2·83), and working time (more than 8 h per day vs less than 8 h per day 2·20, 1·98–2·43) were significantly associated with turnover intention. Other risk factors including sex, attitude towards future career, education of children, and degree of education were identified using the narrative approach. The prevalence of turnover intention was relatively high among primary health workers in China. The determinants of turnover intention can be contained by the job embeddedness model, including two layers (on-the-job, [determinants directly related to the job] and off-the-job [determinants related to the family and community]) and three dimensions (links, fits, and sacrifices). More measures should be taken towards retaining primary health workers. The National Social Science Fund of China (grant number 17ZDA079).

The aim of the work was the synthesis of a new 28-acetylbetulin derivative containing an ester group with a carbon–carbon triple bond in the C3 position. To obtain the title compound, a reaction of 28-acetylbetulin with but-2-ynoic acid was carried out according to the Steglich method. The synthetized compound was fully characterized by analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR), as well as the heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and by conducting a heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) experiment. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were also performed. Additionally, pharmacokinetic parameters and drug similarity of the studied molecule were calculated using in silico methods.

Objectives To explore the health research capacity (HRC) and factors associated with professional and technical personnel (PTP) in a first-class tertiary hospital in northwest China. Methods We collected the repeated measurement data from a first-class tertiary hospital in northwest China between 2013 and 2017. HRC of PTP was assessed by a comprehensive evaluation system and measured by research capacity score (RCS). The participants were divided into research group (RCS >0) and comparison group (RCS = 0); participants of the comparison group were selected by two-stage stratified random sampling. Multilevel model for repeated measures was used to investigate the potential factors associated with HRC. Results A total of 924 PTP were included (308 in the research group and 616 in the comparison group). This study found consistent growth in RCS and associated 95% CIs for the hospital during 2013 and 2017. The linear multilevel model showed PTP with a doctorate degree had higher RCS than those with a master’s degree (β, 1.74; P <0.001), bachelor’s degree (β, 2.02; P  <0.001) and others without a degree (β, 2.32; P <0.001). Furthermore, the PTP with intermediate (β, 0.13; P  = 0.015), vice-high (β, 0.27; P = 0.001) and senior (β, 0.63; P <0.001) professional titles had higher RCS than those with junior positions. Compared with PTP in the administration, those in paediatrics had higher RCS (β, 0.28; P = 0.047) though similar to PTP in other departments. PTP with an administrative position had a higher RCS than those in non-administrative positions (β, 0.26; P <0.001). The RCS increased with the research fund (β, 0.15; P <0.001). However, no associations were found between RCS and sex, age, ethnic, graduate school or technical type. Conclusions HRC with associated variation of PTP for the hospital in northwest China increasingly improved and degree, professional title, administrative position, and research fund were related to HRC of PTP. Multi-central prospective studies are needed to clarify the potential relationship of related factors and HRC of PTP.