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11,730 result(s) for "Positivism"
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The Problems of Specification of Legal Principles in the Doctrine of the “Earlier” R. Dworkin
Introduction: the subject of the paper is the analysis of the concept of legal principles of the authoritative American jurist Ronald Dworkin, formulated by him in the essay “The Model of Rules” and formed the core of his initial challenge to the doctrine of legal positivism. The paper based on the general scientific and specific scientific methods pursues a dual goal – first, to systematize R. Dvorkin’s understanding of the specifics of legal principles and their consequences for the criticism of positivism, and second, to assess the potential of the author’s considered ideas outside of American-British law. Results: the paper summarizes the proposed R. Dworkin’s interpretation of legal principles as standards that differ from legal rules in terms of “logical and regulatory” parameters, the grounds for legalizing and significance in judicial justification, and also shows the connection of this interpretation with the negation of the key ideas of positivism. At the same time, it is noted both an unconventional view of R. Dworkin for the domestic jurisprudence and legal practice, the otherness of the criteria for understanding and specification of legal principles, and the insufficiency of a number of the author’s statements. Conclusions: on the one hand, the paper states the “weakness” of the arguments of R. Dworkin’s explanation of the grounds for legalizing the principles and their strict opposition to the rules; on the other hand, it emphasizes the value of these arguments for explaining the “weight” of the principles and conflicts between them, for understanding the procedures for restricting the fundamental rights, etc., which makes it necessary and possible to further develop the concept of the American jurist, including taking into account the experience of continental and Russian law.
Uncovering the Associations of Research Paradigms and Methods with Theoretical Contribution Types
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of information security research from 2015 to 2022. Through a detailed examination of 193 articles, we identify the prevailing research paradigms and methods that correspond to different types of theoretical contributions. Specifically, we categorize theoretical contributions into theory building (i.e., theory builder, refiner, and theory-NA) and theory testing (i.e., tester and non-tester). Our findings reveal that while 72.6% of information security studies’ theoretical contributions fall into the category of “refiner,” which extends existing theories, only 9.3% of information security studies provided significant theoretical contributions as “builder.” These “builder” studies predominantly adopted positivism and interpretivism paradigms, using methods such as surveys, lab experiments, and field studies. In contrast, both “refiner” and “tester” studies primarily adopted a positivism perspective, with lab experiments, surveys, and case studies being the preferred methods. By mapping out these patterns and trends, our review extends beyond the scope of existing literature, which typically concentrates on specific domains. In the rapidly evolving domain of information security, this study enriches our understanding of current research dynamics and offers pathways for future inquiries to align the choice of research paradigms and methods with the desired type of theoretical contributions.
The worlds of positivism : a global intellectual history, 1770-1930
This book is the first to trace the origins and significance of positivism on a global scale. Taking their cues from Auguste Comte and John Stuart Mill, positivists pioneered a universal, experience-based culture of scientific inquiry for studying nature and society?a new science that would enlighten all of humankind. Positivists envisaged one world united by science, but their efforts spawned many. Uncovering these worlds of positivism, the volume ranges from India, the Ottoman Empire, and the Iberian Peninsula to Central Europe, Russia, and Brazil, examining positivism?s impact as one of the most far-reaching intellectual movements of the modern world. Positivists reinvented science, claiming it to be distinct from and superior to the humanities. They predicated political governance on their refashioned science of society, and as political activists, they sought and often failed to reconcile their universalism with the values of multiculturalism. Providing a genealogy of scientific governance that is sorely needed in an age of post-truth politics, this volume breaks new ground in the fields of intellectual and global history, the history of science, and philosophy.
Criminología y positivismo. Enlazamiento para la organización social
Esos momentos están acompañados de etapas de construcción del conocimiento, donde pasa por la percepción y autodescripción basado en sí mismo o los conocimientos previos, para luego ir avanzando en la comprensión hasta llegar al punto en el que se tiene contacto directo con lo que se quiere conocer. De inicio, así como Darwin en las especies animales, Lombroso distinguió en la especie humana, la competencia entre hombres y mujeres, niños y adultos, blancos y negros, donde la jerarquía auguraba la supremacía sobre otros, por ello se refería a una antropología (Narváes 2005). Por otra parte, la adaptación del método positivo al estudio criminal derivó en la observación y experiencia, así los primeros positivistas criminólogos que miran al delincuente y el entorno que le circunda para comprender sus motivos, le llamaron \"método experimental\" por tener objetos de estudio observables, estadísticos y frontales, no aislados, sino casos sobre los que sostenían la construcción del conocimiento (Galfione 2012). A pesar que hace poco más de 100 años a través de Porfirio Díaz se introdujo el positivismo en México (Núñez Carpizo, 2010, p. 370), estamos en un momento de involución, con descontrol en muchos aspectos de la vida, donde la educación popular o vulgar es predominante, alejándonos del conocimiento científico, sistemático y comprensible, que nos permita salir del individualismo y unirnos al interés colectivo de progresar de manera ordenada.
Morality and the nature of law
Morality and the Nature of Law explores the conceptual relationship between morality and the criteria that determine what counts as law in a given society the criteria of legal validity. Is it necessary condition for a legal system to include moral criteria of legal validity? Is it even possible for a legal system to have moral criteria of legal validity? The book considers the views of natural law theorists ranging from Blackstone to working and rejects them, arguing that it is not conceptually necessary that the criteria of legal validity include moral norms. Further, it rejects the exclusive positivist view, arguing instead that it is conceptually possible for the criteria of validity to include moral norms. In the process of considering such questions, this book considers Raz's views concerning the nature of authority and Shapiro's views about the guidance function of law, which have been thought to repudiate the conceptual possibility of moral criteria of legal validity. The book, then, articulates a thought experiment that shows that it is possible for a legal system to have such criteria and concludes with a chapter that argues that any legal system, like that of the United States, which affords final authority over the content of the law to judges who are fallible with respect to the requirements of morality is a legal system with purely source-based criteria of validity.
POSTFACIO DE PIERRE BOURDIEU A LA OBRA DE ERWIN PANOFSKY: ARQUITECTURA GÓTICA Y PENSAMIENTO ESCOLÁSTICO (i)
Arquitectura gótica y pensamiento escolástico, es sin ninguna duda uno de los más bellos desafíos que se hayan lanzado jamás al positivismo. Pretender que se pueda comparar la Summa y la catedral a título de conjuntos inteligibles, compuestos según métodos idénticos con, entre otras características, la separación rigurosa que allí se establece entre las partes, la claridad con que se expresan y explicitan las jerarquías formales, y la conciliación armoniosa de los contrarios, es exponerse, en el mejor de los casos, a recibir el homenaje respetuosos y prudente que merece una bella visión del espíritu1.La idea de que entre diferentes aspectos de una totalidad histórica, existe, por hablar como Max Weber, un parentesco de opciones (Wahlverwandtschaft), o como dicen los lingüistas, una afinidad estructural, no es nueva. Pero la búsqueda del lugar geométrico de todas las formas de expresión simbólica, propias de una sociedad y de una época, a menudo forma parte de una inspiración metafísica o mística, más que de una intención propiamente científica. Y no es más que por un efecto del azar, que la arquitectura gótica haya constituido desde hace tiempo uno de los objetos predilectos del fervor intuicionista. Por no retener más que un ejemplo, entre tantas interrogaciones inspiradas sobre la estructura espiritual de la catedral gótica, Hans Sedlmayr, un autor seducido por el encantamiento de la catedral ideal, opone a un estudio sistemático de los elementos de la arquitectura, y a un examen metódico de las características técnicas y las cualidades visuales de la catedral, una fenomenología que reinterpreta las características concretas de las formas, en función de los significados supuestos. Sedlmayer encuentra en la arquitectura gótica y en las artes asociadas, la expresión figurada de una cierta liturgia, o mejor, de una forma original, agustiniana de comprender la liturgia tradicional2. Si el descifrado de significados siempre corre riesgos, a no ser que se trate de una especie de test proyectivo, y si la crítica, en razón de observar análisis como los de Hans Sedlmayr, se expone a caer en un círculo vicioso que hace que los fenómenos que se interpretan (se trata del principio de baldaquino de la diafanía, mural o de las suspensión de formas das Schweben), pueden no estar de acuerdo con las significaciones descubiertas por el autor, puesto que han sido constituidas y nombradas en función de esas significaciones3, ¿es preciso entonces rechazar en nombre de una definición positivista y de la prueba científica, toda interpretación que rechace el valor nominal de los fenómenos?