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"Positivismus."
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Mixed Methods and Their Pragmatic Approach: Is There a Risk of Being Entangled in a Positivist Epistemology and Methodology? Limits, Pitfalls and Consequences of a Bricolage Methodology
Since the early 2000s, the pragmatic approach has been proposed as a philosophical program for social research, regardless of whether qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods are used. In addition, current mixed methods have been presented as a third way between positivism and constructivism. However, can mixed methods be fully considered a third way? For instance, in their inquiries, will scholars oriented to pragmatism actually employ the traditional and standardized questionnaire, with forced choices and closed questions, which strongly limits any interpretative and interactional perspective? Hence, several theoretical and methodological difficulties of the pragmatist proposal emerge precisely (and paradoxically) at the level of research practice. The pragmatic approach is presented by its proponents as a model designed to dissolve differences and neutralize epistemological barriers; however, without problematizing and removing the positivist features of their methods, researchers oriented to pragmatism actually risk ending up reproducing positivism in disguise. Hence, despite their claims to innovation, proponents of pragmatism are often overly traditionalist in their use of methods.
Journal Article
To do justice to Foucault: Foucault and Derrida in couples therapy with Freud
This paper elaborates key factors in Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida’s long polemical argument over the question of madness. The paper focuses on Foucault’s consideration of a constitutive exclusion underlying the discourse of reason and unreason, as well as his insistence on that exclusion’s singular relationship with madness. This exclusion is then developed in psychoanalytic terms augmenting the constitutive gesture that Sigmund Freud attributed to the plurality of subjective structures elaborated in his metapsychology. The psychoanalytic determination of constitutive exclusion is posed as being situated at a privileged position that enables it to consolidate the polemic debate between Foucault and Derrida about madness. By doing so, the intersection of Foucault's theory of madness with Freud’s psychoanalysis is shown to be fruitful territory, epitomizing a hospitality to madness—thus, doing justice to Foucault in light of Derrida’s critique.
Journal Article
Love, Order, and Progress
Auguste Comte's doctrine of positivism was both a philosophy of science and a political philosophy designed to organize a new, secular, stable society based on positive or scientific, ideas, rather than the theological dogmas and metaphysical speculations associated with the ancien regime. This volume offers the most comprehensive English-language overview of Auguste Comte's philosophy, the relation of his work to the sciences of his day, and the extensive, continuing impact of his thinking on philosophy and especially secular political movements in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Contributors consider Comte's reasons for establishing a Religion of Humanity as well as his views on domestic life and the arts in his positivist utopia. The volume further details Comte's attempt to apply his \"positive method,\" first to social science and then to politics and morality, thereby defending the continuity of his career while also critically examining the limits of his approach.
eBook
For Positivist Organization Theory
Organization theory is presently dominated by theories of strategic choice and politics. Managers are seen as exercising a wide choice and maximizing their personal self-interest through complex power struggles. This stimulating volume challenges these views, arguing instead that managerial decisions are determined by the situation and serve the interests of the whole organization. Showing that organizations follow laws which generalize across organizations of many different kinds in many different national cultures, the book rejects the model of organizational configurations or types. The author offers a critical assessment of leading organization theorists such as Henry Mintzberg, John Child, Michael Hann.
eBook
Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity in Psychiatric Diagnosis
The establishment of criteriological diagnostic systems since the 1980s has increased the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis. On the other hand, the limits of this approach for clinicians and researchers are becoming increasingly apparent. In particular, the assessment of subjective experience is nearly excluded on the theoretical level and undervalued on the pragmatic level, with detrimental consequences for the validity of psychiatric diagnosis, empirical research and therapeutic purposes. To correct this unfavourable development, three major approaches to the assessment of mental illness should be equally taken into account: (1) the positivistic, objectifying or 3rd-person approach as endorsed by DSM-IV and ICD-10, focusing mainly on observable behavioural symptoms; (2) the phenomenological, subject-oriented or 1st-person approach, focusing on the patient’s self-experience and exploring its basic structures, and (3) the hermeneutic, intersubjective or 2nd-person approach, mainly aiming at the co-construction of narratives and interpretations regarding the patient’s self-concept, relationships and conflicts. These three approaches will be compared regarding their respective values for psychopathological description, diagnosis, research and therapeutic purposes.
Journal Article
Was bleibt übrig von dem Gesetzlichkeitsprinzip in dem Völkerstrafrecht?
This essay is an attempt to demonstrate, that International Criminal Law flexibilizes substantially the requirements for the recognition of international criminal norms with the objective of maintaining an apparently strict principle of legality. However, this approach is unsatisfactory, since there is a concealed recourse to suprapositive principles which are disguised as positive Law. Therefore, the formula proposed by Gustav Radbruch represents a more sincere way to face the question of the limits of positive Law. Hence this essay emphasizes the methodological value of this formula and analyzes its scope and problems regarding its application.
Journal Article
Was bleibt übrig von dem Gesetzlichkeitsprinzip in dem Völkerstrafrecht?
This essay is an attempt to demonstrate, that International Criminal Law flexibilizes substantially the requirements for the recognition of international criminal norms with the objective of maintaining an apparently strict principle of legality. However, this approach is unsatisfactory, since there is a concealed recourse to suprapositive principles which are disguised as positive Law. Therefore, the formula proposed by Gustav Radbruch represents a more sincere way to face the question of the limits of positive Law. Hence this essay emphasizes the methodological value of this formula and analyzes its scope and problems regarding its application.
Journal Article
Positivism, science and ‘the scientists’ in porfirian Mexico
This book breaks new ground in the historiography of Mexico during the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz by subjecting to detailed analysis the traditional belief that the ideology of the intellectual/political elite known as `the scientists' was grounded in the philosophical ideas of Herbert Spencer.
eBook
Finding freedom in the classroom
[The book provides] provocative questions about taken-for-granted educational routines as well as an alternative, imaginative view of what classrooms might become. This revised edition brings the conversation to the present day with contemporary examples and references to the best current thinking and writing on relevant issues. By defining terms in everyday language and demonstrating their relevance to everyday life in and out of the classroom, the book demystifies such formidable concepts as hegemony, epistemology, and praxis for readers with little or no background in educational philosophy. Each chapter in this edition ends with several thought-provoking discussion questions and an annotated list of suggestions for further reading, which together provide a sturdy bridge between the theoretical and the practical. (DIPF/Orig.).
Book