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"Poststructuralism"
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Review essay: Reframing trauma through social justice: Resisting the politics of mainstream trauma discourse edited by Catrina Brown
Manja Visschedijk reviews Catrina Brown’s (2024) edited collection Reframing trauma through social justice: Resisting the politics of mainstream trauma discourse. Routledge. 356pp. ISBN 9781032459899, ISBN 9781003379591 (ebook).
Journal Article
The poststructuralist ontology on leadership: identity and materiality in evidence
Leadership is considered a relevant topic for organizational studies, which can be verified by the numerous academic journals dedicated exclusively to the theme. However, despite the proliferation of journals and several publications on the subject, the definition of leadership is still vague, generally considered by the mainstream to be a male attribute of heroic individual leaders. This article presents a critical analysis of the mainstream on leadership, focused on analyzing the poststructuralist ontology on leadership. The study contributes to the ontological debate on leadership by addressing what leadership is for poststructuralism, emphasizing its ontological differences in relation to the mainstream. Poststructuralism promotes an alternative ontology of leadership to the mainstream that breaks with the universal conception of leadership by highlighting its microsocial and discursive characteristic, conceiving leadership as a micro-political discursive process. It is fundamental for understanding the poststructuralist ontology of leadership to comprehend (1) the production of the identities of leaders and followers and (2) the materiality of leadership.
Journal Article
Acts and apparitions : discourses on the real in performance practice and theory, 1990-2010
'Acts and Apparitions' examines how new performance practices from the 1990s and the present day have been driven by questions of the real and the ensuing political implications of the concept's rapidly disintegrating authority.
Book
Investment and motivation in language learning: What's the difference?
The year 2020 marked the 25th year since Bonny Norton published her influential TESOL Quarterly article, ‘Social identity, investment, and language learning’ (Norton Peirce, 1995) and the fifth year since we, Darvin and Norton (2015), co-authored ‘Identity and a model of investment in applied linguistics’ in the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. From the time Norton's 1995 piece was published, investment and motivation have been conceptually imbricated and often collocated, as they hold up two different lenses to investigate the same reality: why learners choose to learn an additional language (L2). In our 2015 article, we made the case that while it is important to ask the question, ‘Are students motivated to learn a language?’ it is equally productive to ask, ‘Are students invested in the language practices of the classroom or community?’ (Darvin & Norton, 2015, p. 37). We recognize that the relationship between language teachers and learners is unequal, and that teachers hold the power to shape these practices in diverse ways. Teachers bring to the classroom not only their personal histories and knowledge, but also their own worldviews and assumptions (Darvin, 2015), which may or may not align with those of learners. Relations of power between learners can also be unequal. As Norton and Toohey (2011, p. 421) note:
A language learner may be highly motivated, but may nevertheless have little investment in the language practices of a given classroom or community, which may, for example, be racist, sexist, elitist, anti-immigrant, or homophobic. Alternatively, the language learner's conception of good language teaching may not be consistent with that of the teacher, compromising the learner's investment in the language practices of the classroom. Thus, the language learner, despite being highly motivated, may not be invested in the language practices of a given classroom.
Journal Article
Structuralist and Poststructuralist Joyce: “He War” to Differences!
The article explores the complementary relationship between structuralist and poststructuralist approaches to James Joyce’s Ulysses and Finnegans Wake. It does so in two ways: firstly, it traces this interpretive tension through early critical responses, particularly T. S. Eliot’s mythic structuralism and Ezra Pound’s proto-deconstructive reading of Homeric parallels as mere “scaffolding”. Secondly, the study offers a close reading of the “Ithaca” chapter of Ulysses and of one of the most anti-representational works, the “Mamafesta” section of Finnegans Wake. Drawing on Umberto Eco’s concept of “chaosmos” and Roland Barthes’ shift from excavating structures to constructing interpretive systems, the article argues that Joyce’s work simultaneously absorbs and subverts both structural meaning and anti-representational practice. His textual mechanisms operate through excessive language and systematisation, parodying taxonomic discourse and catalogue-making in ways that at once enact and destabilise the drive toward comprehensive representation. These texts, written decades before the formal emergence of structuralism, anticipate both its theoretical frameworks and the poststructuralist critiques that would follow, particularly the decentering of fixed meaning and the generative instability of signification.
Journal Article
Political Impacts of Tourism: A Critical Analysis of Literature
Tourism and politics are inexorably allied. There exists adequate literature on the nexus between political ideologies and public institutions yet, there is hardly any explicit attention paid to the field of tourism research. It may perhaps due to the impression that ‘politics is all about power.’ In fact, Gramscian’ s notion of ‘power-over’ in the context of preserving cultural hegemony confines the prospects of political discourse to ‘power-itself’. This notion was contested through a poststructuralist thought, ‘power-to’, proposed by Michel Foucault. Thus, the present paper extends the poststructuralist thought by exploring the potential areas in politics that shape the outlook of the tourism industry through a critical analysis of literature. The study argues that the associated political effects are critical to the field of tourism at the same time the tourism industry is also a potential means to promote and showcase the political ideology.
Journal Article