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Since the end of the nineteenth century, the Alzate family, of Medellín, Colombia, grasped the magnetism of the Natural Man (a malleable myth with porous edges that combines both the Edenic and the cannibalistic visions of indigenous peoples) and its economic potential and orchestrated a family craft business of fake pre-Columbian pottery. They created pieces that would engage in dialogue with collectors’, anthropologists’, museums’, and tourists’ desires and imaginaries, as well as authenticity criteria, about indigenous pre-Columbian peoples. This article shows the relationship between these forgeries’ production, circulation, and consumption and the ways Latin American indigenous peoples have been conceived of by others. Moreover, this research stresses how authentic fakes, together with official and popular discourses and images, certain exhibition and validation rhetorics, and other mises-en-scène construct what is sacralized as uncontaminated, original, and traditional. Such fakes operate politically by undermining social hierarchies linked to essentialized race and identity. Desde finales del siglo XIX, la familia Alzate, de Medellín, Colombia, comprendió el magnetismo del Hombre Natural (un mito moldeable y de bordes porosos que reúne la visión edénica y la caníbal sobre los indígenas) y su potencial económico y orquestó un negocio familiar y artesanal de cerámicas precolombinas falsas. Crearon piezas que dialogaban con los deseos e imaginarios de coleccionistas, antropólogos, museos y turistas sobre los pueblos indígenas precolombinos con sus criterios de autenticidad. Este artículo muestra la relación entre el proceso de producción, circulación y consumo de estas falsificaciones y las formas en que han sido concebidos los pueblos indígenas latinoamericanos. Además, el artículo subraya cómo las auténticas falsificaciones, junto con discursos e imágenes oficiales y populares, ciertas retóricas de exhibición y validación, y otras puestas en escena construyen aquello que se sacraliza como incontaminado, original y tradicional. Estas falsificaciones actúan políticamente socavando jerarquías sociales relacionadas con esencializaciones raciales e identitarias.

Glass beads are rarely reported as decorative elements in indigenous North American ceramics of the Post-Contact era. In this article, we present information on glass bead inlaid pottery from three archaeological sites in the Plains. After a discussion of specimens and sites, we offer interpretations of the use and significance of beads in ceramics among the Arikara and their neighbors. We suggest the decoration of pots with beads in the Plains and elsewhere in North America was a syncretic practice that illustrates occasional Native experimentation with glass use in a volatile medium. The practice also may reflect Native conceptions of ceramic vessels as persons, with the pots' adornment mimicking beaded attire worn by community mem bers. of the three sites we consider, Fort Clark (32ME2) and Biesterfeldt (32RM1) are well represented in the published literature (Ahler 2003a; Dalan et al. 2007, 2011; Wood 195 5, 1971, 1993; Wood et al. 2011). In contrast, Cheyenne River (39ST1) has not been published in detail. As such it receives the bulk of the attention here. At Cheyenne River and Fort Clark, bead-inlaid vessels appear to be associated with eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Arikara occupations. Leavenworth (39C09), also affiliated with the Arikara, reportedly also produced bead-impressed or inlaid ceramics; however, the collections were not available for verification (Richard Krause, personal communication 2012).

Economic reforms introduced by the Bourbon Monarchy after A.D. 1750 ushered in an Hispanic social formation in the northern Rio Grande identified as Vecino. Aspects of Vecino gendered economy are examined through a detailed analysis of five ceramic assemblages from the Chama and Taos Valleys of New Mexico. Geochemical (NAA) and stylistic clues identify the ethnic identities of producers and their relationships to Vecino consumers. Evidence for ceramic production by Vecino women during the nineteenth century is evaluated on the basis of detailed paste analysis of plain and micaceous ceramics as well as the occurrence of pottery-producing tools and clay-cleaning debris. Analytical results reveal that Jicarilla women dominated the production of micaceous cook ware to supply Vecino kitchens. Implications for understanding Vecino economics and the constitution of female-based systems of economic value are considered.

Nineteenth-century transfer-printed ceramics have often been seen as a vehicle for the transmission of various kinds of ideological imagery. Understandably, this past work has largely focused on the United Kingdom and the United States, the country of manufacture of most transfer prints and the largest market for British pottery exports, respectively. As the global British ceramics industry expanded over the course of the 19th century, however, British merchants were expanding into other markets. The second largest of these for pottery exports, after the United States, was South America. The ideological meanings that archaeologists ascribe to transfer-printed ceramics in the North Atlantic World often take on a very different ideological context once the ceramics are exported to South America. A ceramics assemblage from the coastal Venezuelan city of Barcelona provides an opportunity to study these shifting ideological meanings within one South American context.

The relationship between documentary and material sources continues to be a source for considerable debate within historical archaeology. Using a case study from northern New Mexico as an example, this article illuminates the material availability enjoyed by 18th-and early-19th-century Hispanos residing in the Santa Fe River valley. Testament inventories from colonial inhabitants are compared with archaeological assemblages from residential sites of the same area and period to expose two very different emphases in material culture. Relevant documents focus on tools and status items, often imported. The archaeological collections, however, consist mostly of utility ceramics obtained from Pueblo Indian communities. Why does such a contrast exist between the two sources of information? Self-identification represented by documents suggests deliberate and genuine, but uneven, Spanish cultural participation. Yet the archaeological record hints more at a type of \"transculturation\" occurring at least at the level of everyday material culture reflecting recent ethnogenetic models of multidirectional cultural exchanges in the Spanish Borderlands.

C. William Clewlow, Jr. and his Berkeley colleagues began their investigation of the Grass Valley region of central Nevada in 1969. Over the course of several seasons, powered by summer field schools, their focus changed from prehistoric settlement patterns to the documentation and interpretation of nineteenth century Shoshone habitation sites. At the time, there were few models for the study of historic-period Native American sites. As Clewlow himself characterized it in 1978, the project became a series of \"particularistic\" studies that \"will someday make a whole.\" More than 30 years later, our studies and our understanding continue to evolve, as we begin to revisit the archived collections and field notes from the Grass Valley Archaeological Project. A recently completed re-examination and analysis of the historic artifact assemblage from Pottery Hill (26LA1107), one of the Shoshone habitation sites, illustrates how new approaches, along with newly available comparative data, can be used to interpret the Grass Valley material.

Cooking Up Politicsexplores the expression of nationalism in the early republican period of American history through analysis of the domestic environment. This includes the development of American recipes, the patriotic ornamentation of imported ceramics and furnishings, and the role played by women as culinary activists who furthered the causes of republican values through a domestic ideology in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. In particular, this study addresses the naming of recipes in American cookery books, reflective of the growing interest in national sentiment. Recipes for Independence cake, Election cake, and the Federal pan cake, developed by authors such as Amelia Simmons, demonstrate that the meaning associated with food consumption and the social act of gathering to dine could be not only familial but patriotic as well. Such a nationalistic association with food allowed women to create a unique means to express their commitment to the new nation, thus linking language with food.

Many versions of the history of Americanist archaeology suggest there was a \"stratigraphic revolution\" during the second decade of the twentieth century--the implication being that prior to about 1915 most archaeologists did not excavate stratigraphically. However, articles and reports published during the late nineteenth century and first decade of the twentieth century indicate clearly that many Americanists in fact did excavate stratigraphically. What they did not do was attempt to measure the passage of time and hence culture change. The real revolution in Americanist archaeology comprised an analytical shift from studying synchronic variation to tracking changes in frequencies of artifact types or styles--a shift pioneered by A. V. Kidder, A. L. Kroeber, Nels C. Nelson, and Leslie Spier. The temporal implications of the analytical techniques they developed--frequency seriation and percentage stratigraphy--were initially confirmed by stratigraphic excavation. Within a few decades, however, most archaeologists had begun using stratigraphic excavation as a creational strategy--that is, as a strategy aimed at recovering superposed sets of artifacts that were viewed as representing occupations and distinct cultures. The myth that there was a \"stratigraphic revolution\" was initiated in the writings of the innovators of frequency seriation and percentage stratigraphy.

The agenda also acts as an introduction to Orkney archaeology (see pages 40-79 for an overview from the Mesolithic to 1945) and as a resource containing a full bibliography and chronicles of investigations on Orkney over the past 60 years, including current PhDs. Elementary Statistics for Archaeologists (Oxford University School of Archaeology Monograph 33). x+205 pages, numerous figures & tables. 2nd edition 2005 (first published 1991). Among articles of general interest are an ethnoarchaeological study of tamper and concave anvil pottery-forming technique, a major review article on the origins and spread of iron-working in Africa, a comparative study of the archaeology of Africa's islands, several articles on the unique history of pastoralism in Africa, chemical studies of internationally-traded glass beads in Africa and a study of slave lifeways on a nineteenth century Danish plantation on the Gold Coast, Ghana.