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"Power generation"
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Comprehensive review of generation and transmission expansion planning
Investment on generation system and transmission network is an important issue in power systems, and investment reversibility closely depends on performing an optimal planning. In this regard, generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmission expansion planning (TEP) have been presented by researchers to manage an optimal planning on generation and transmission systems. In recent years, a large number of research works have been carried out on GEP and TEP. These problems have been investigated with different views, methods, constraints and objectives. The evaluation of researches in these fields and categorising their different aspects are necessary to manage further works. This study presents a comprehensive review of GEP and TEP problems from different aspects and views such as modelling, solving methods, reliability, distributed generation, electricity market, uncertainties, line congestion, reactive power planning, demand-side management and so on. The review results provide a comprehensive background to find out further ideas in these fields.
Journal Article
Time-frequency transform-based differential scheme for microgrid protection
The study presents a differential scheme for microgrid protection using time-frequency transform such as S-transform. Initially, the current at the respective buses are retrieved and processed through S-transform to generate time-frequency contours. Spectral energy content of the time-frequency contours of the fault current signals are calculated and differential energy is computed to register the fault patterns in the microgrid at grid-connected and islanded mode. The proposed scheme is tested for different shunt faults (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) and high-impedance faults in the microgrid with radial and loop structure. It is observed that a set threshold on the differential energy can issue the tripping signal for effective protection measure within four cycles from the fault inception. The results based on extensive study indicate that the differential energy-based protection scheme can reliably protect the microgrid against different fault situations and thus, is a potential candidate for wide area protection.
Journal Article
role of renewable energy in climate stabilization: results from the EMF27 scenarios
This paper uses the EMF27 scenarios to explore the role of renewable energy (RE) in climate change mitigation. Currently RE supplies almost 20 % of global electricity demand. Almost all EMF27 mitigation scenarios show a strong increase in renewable power production, with a substantial ramp-up of wind and solar power deployment. In many scenarios, renewables are the most important long-term mitigation option for power supply. Wind energy is competitive even without climate policy, whereas the prospects of solar photovoltaics (PV) are highly contingent on the ambitiousness of climate policy. Bioenergy is an important and versatile energy carrier; however—with the exception of low temperature heat—there is less scope for renewables other than biomass for non-electric energy supply. Despite the important role of wind and solar power in climate change mitigation scenarios with full technology availability, limiting their deployment has a relatively small effect on mitigation costs, if nuclear and carbon capture and storage (CCS)—which can serve as substitutes in low-carbon power supply—are available. Limited bioenergy availability in combination with limited wind and solar power by contrast, results in a more substantial increase in mitigation costs. While a number of robust insights emerge, the results on renewable energy deployment levels vary considerably across the models. An in-depth analysis of a subset of EMF27 reveals substantial differences in modeling approaches and parameter assumptions. To a certain degree, differences in model results can be attributed to different assumptions about technology costs, resource potentials and systems integration.
Journal Article
Solar electricity basics : powering your home or office with solar energy
A guide that discusses \"how to size, cost, and choose the right system, including off-grid vs. grid-tied vs. grid-tied with battery backup; where to mount a system for maximum performance; what type of modules and inverters to buy; how to install and maintain batteries; cost vs. benefit for solar electric systems; [and] how to connect to the grid, and what type of net metering your area offers\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
Revealing long- and short-run empirical interactions among foreign direct investment, renewable power generation, and CO2 emissions in China
This work systematically examines the empirical interactions among foreign direct investment (FDI), renewable power generation (RPG), hydropower generation (HPG), non-hydropower generation (NHPG), and CO
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emissions in the long run and short run. To test the existence of long-run equilibrium association among those variables, Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model have been employed on time series of China for the period 1991–2017. The vector error correction model-based short-run impacts among the variables of interest are also estimated. Besides, Toda-Yamamoto causality and Granger causality are employed to confirm the direction of causal links. The existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship is revealed in case of all types of specification. The expansion of both FDI and CO
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emissions boosted RPG, HPG, and NHPG in the short run and long run, with greater intensity of impacts in the long run. To reflect comparisons, it is found that the renewables generation driving the impact of CO
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emissions and FDI on NHPG is greater than RPG, which further exceeds HPG. In turn, the RPG, HPG, and NHPG mitigated CO
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emissions both in the long run and short run, with stronger impacts in the long run. Moreover, the CO
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emissions inhibition impact of HPG dominated NHPG, which further exceeded that of RPG. The FDI boosted CO
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emissions in a way that the long-run pollution haven impact is revealed to be powerful than that of the short run. A unidirectional causality has been observed running from FDI to CO
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emissions, RPG, HPG, and NHPG. A bidirectional causality is found operative between CO
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emissions and RPG/HPG/NHPG. Interestingly, the long-run and short-run impacts remained homogeneous in terms of directionality. Nevertheless, strict heterogeneity is observed in terms of the degree of impacts. Based on empirics, both long-term and short-term policies on FDI, renewables generation, and CO
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emissions are vital for decision-makers in China.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Sustainable power generation through decarbonization in the power generation industry
Due to using fossil energy resources, power generation is the most important factor of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the importance of the issue, seven scenarios for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the power industry, including the development of renewable energies, energy efficiency in thermal power plants, and decreasing the emission of carbon according to international agreements, and the creation of sustainable power generation systems, were defined and evaluated technically, economically, and environmentally. In the current study, an optimization model for long-term power generation planning was used for two concepts of supply and demand. The results of comparing the scenarios showed that the development of renewable power plants was not solely a suitable and optimal way for decreasing greenhouse gas and carbon emissions. The strategies for improving efficiency in thermal power plants, including the development of combined cycle power plants and the repowering of steam power plants, are more suitable options for implementation, considering the constraints of the problem. Therefore, eliminating the existing circumstances and employing the combined scenario while considering the objectives of the study should be the only strategy for decarbonization in this industry, with the minimum cost and minimum rate of emission. By decreasing the share of thermal power plants, decreasing fuel demand, and increasing the share of renewable power plants to 20%, the combined scenario would decrease pollution and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 77.6 million tons of carbon dioxide, as well as the environmental costs up to 1894.5 million dollars, compared to the basic scenario up to 2030. Moreover, paying attention to the management strategies of a demand concept seems necessary from an economic viewpoint, in addition to other presented strategies.
Journal Article