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"Practice (Psychology)"
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Handbook of clinical psychology in medical settings : evidence-based assessment and intervention
This book translates research into evidence-based practice recommendations that are geared to real-world patient assessment and treatment, and offers practical, hands-on tools that clinicians can immediately apply to patient care.
eBook
Deliberate Practice and Performance in Music, Games, Sports, Education, and Professions: A Meta-Analysis
More than 20 years ago, researchers proposed that individual differences in performance in such domains as music, sports, and games largely reflect individual differences in amount of deliberate practice, which was defined as engagement in structured activities created specifically to improve performance in a domain. This view is a frequent topic of popular-science writing—but is it supported by empirical evidence? To answer this question, we conducted a meta-analysis covering all major domains in which deliberate practice has been investigated. We found that deliberate practice explained 26% of the variance in performance for games, 21% for music, 18% for sports, 4% for education, and less than 1% for professions. We conclude that deliberate practice is important, but not as important as has been argued.
Journal Article
Changing roles for a new psychotherapy
\"Psychotherapy is not a 'one size fits all approach.' As author John Miller describes in Changing Roles for a New Psychotherapy, all theoretical orientations have their uses and merits in different situations and with different clients. Through a varied personal life and professional career, in which he developed a creative psychotherapeutic approach that allows the adaptation of diverse roles with clients, Dr. Miller has gained insights through working in academia, the sciences, management consulting, and a state hospital. He applies these insights, along with those he gained working various summer jobs, to take readers beyond the standard medical model of diagnosis and treatment by drawing on the roles of other professionals. He examines 11 different occupations and explores how the insights gained in each field can enhance therapeutic possibilities. How does cooking relate to psychotherapy? Can accounting change the way psychotherapy is performed? Read on to find out!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Choose to move: The motivational impact of autonomy support on motor learning
Numerous studies in the motor learning domain have demonstrated learning advantages of self-controlled practice relative to yoked conditions. In separate lines of evidence in the social-psychological literature, findings show that providing participants with task-relevant autonomy support or minor incidental choices can result in superior outcomes when compared with conditions that thwart autonomy or do not offer choice. We hypothesized that motor learning could be enhanced by providing learners with choices – even if those choices are unrelated to task performance. In Experiment
1
, two groups of participants practiced a golf putting task. While one group (the choice group) was able to select the color of golf balls (white, yellow, or orange) to be used in each upcoming block of 10 trials, participants in the second group (the yoked group) were provided with the same colored golf balls their choice-group counterparts had chosen. The results of a 24-h delayed retention test indicated significantly greater putting accuracy for the choice compared with the yoked group. Experiment
2
went one step further by asking choice group participants for their preferences regarding two issues unrelated to the practice task (balancing on a stabilometer): (1) which of two subsequent tasks (coincident timing or hand dynamometry) they wanted to perform and (2) which of two prints of paintings by Renoir they thought the investigator should hang on the laboratory wall. Yoked group participants were simply informed about which task they would perform afterwards and of which painting the experimenter would put on the wall. Balance learning was significantly more effective in the choice group on a retention test. Thus, self-controlled practice conditions can influence motor learning without providing task-relevant information, content, or strategic learning advantages. Self-controlled effects in motor learning may be motivational in nature, attributable to satisfaction of fundamental autonomy needs.
Journal Article
Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis
Working memory (WM), the ability to store and manipulate information for short periods of time, is an important predictor of scholastic aptitude and a critical bottleneck underlying higher-order cognitive processes, including controlled attention and reasoning. Recent interventions targeting WM have suggested plasticity of the WM system by demonstrating improvements in both trained and untrained WM tasks. However, evidence on transfer of improved WM into more general cognitive domains such as fluid intelligence (
Gf
) has been more equivocal. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis focusing on one specific training program,
n
-back. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for all
n
-back training studies with
Gf
outcome measures, a control group, and healthy participants between 18 and 50 years of age. In total, we included 20 studies in our analyses that met our criteria and found a small but significant positive effect of
n
-back training on improving
Gf
. Several factors that moderate this transfer are identified and discussed. We conclude that short-term cognitive training on the order of weeks can result in beneficial effects in important cognitive functions as measured by laboratory tests.
Journal Article
From Séance to Science
This book is intended to round out the picture of American psychology's past, adding the history of psychological practice to the story of psychological science. Written by two well-recognized authorities in the field, this book covers the profession and practice of psychology in America from the late 19th century to the present. FROM SÉANCE TO SCIENCE tells the story of psychologists who sought and seek to apply the knowledge of their science to the practical problems of the world, whether those problems lay in businesses, schools, families, or in the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of individuals. Engagingly written and full of interesting examples, this book includes figures and photos from the Archives of the History of American Psychology. This is the story of individuals, trained in psychology, who function as school psychologists, counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists, and industrial psychologists. These are psychology's practitioners, meaning that they take the knowledge base of psychology and use it for practical purposes outside of the classroom and outside of the laboratory.
eBook