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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cause of preventable harm in hospitalized patients. While numerous successful interventions have been implemented to improve prescription of VTE prophylaxis, a substantial proportion of doses of prescribed preventive medications are not administered to hospitalized patients. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse education on medication administration practice. This was a double-blinded, cluster randomized trial in 21 medical or surgical floors of 933 nurses at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, an academic medical center, from April 1, 2014 -March 31, 2015. Nurses were cluster-randomized by hospital floor to receive either a linear static education (Static) module with voiceover or an interactive learner-centric dynamic scenario-based education (Dynamic) module. The primary and secondary outcomes were non-administration of prescribed VTE prophylaxis medication and nurse-reported satisfaction with education modules, respectively. Overall, non-administration improved significantly following education (12.4% vs. 11.1%, conditional OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.95, p = 0.002) achieving our primary objective. The reduction in non-administration was greater for those randomized to the Dynamic arm (10.8% vs. 9.2%, conditional OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95) versus the Static arm (14.5% vs. 13.5%, conditional OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.81-1.03), although the difference between arms was not statistically significant (p = 0.26). Satisfaction scores were significantly higher (p<0.05) for all survey items for nurses in the Dynamic arm. Education for nurses significantly improves medication administration practice. Dynamic learner-centered education is more effective at engaging nurses. These findings suggest that education should be tailored to the learner. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02301793.

Background Pain self-management support interventions were effective in controlled clinical trials and meta analyses. However, implementation of these complex interventions may not translate into identical effects. This paper evaluates the implementation of ANtiPain, a cancer pain self-management support intervention in routine clinical practice according to the R each E fficacy- A doption I mplementation M aintenance framework. Methods In this cluster randomized study with a stepped wedge design, N  = 153 adult patients with cancer-related pain were recruited from 01/17 to 05/18 on 17 wards of 3 hospitals in Vienna, Austria. ANtiPain entailed a face-to-face in-hospital session by a trained nurse to prepare discharge according to key strategies, information on pain self-management, and skills building. After discharge, cancer-pain self-management was coached via phone calls. Patient-level data were collected at recruitment, and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after discharge via postal or online questionnaire. Primary outcome was pain interference with daily activities. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction. Organizational-level data (e.g., on implementation procedures) were collected by study or intervention nurses. The mixed model to analyze patient-level data included a random intercept and a random slope for individual and a random intercept for ward. Results Recruitment was slower than expected and unevenly distributed over wards and hospitals. The face-to-face session was clinically feasible (mean duration = 33 min) as well as the mean amount ( n  = 2) and duration of phone calls (mean = 17 min). Only 16 (46%) of 35 trained nurses performed the intervention on nine wards. To deal with the loss of power, analyses were adapted. Overall effects on pain interference were not significant. However, effects were significant in sub analyses of the nine wards that recruited patients in the intervention period ( p  = .009). Regarding secondary outcomes, the group-by-time effect was significant for self-efficacy ( p  = .033), and patient satisfaction with information on pain-self-management ( p  = .002) and in-hospital pain management ( p  = .018). Conclusions The implementation of ANtiPain improved meaningful patient outcomes on wards that applied the intervention routinely. Our analyses showed that the implementation benefited from being embedded in larger scale projects to improve cancer pain management and that the selection of wards with a high percentage of oncology patients may be crucial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02891785 Date of registration: September 8, 2016.

Study Objectives: We examined the effects of nurse-led brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) on insomnia severity, sleep status, daytime function, quality of life, psychological distress levels, treatment response, and insomnia remission in young and middle-aged Asian adults with insomnia symptoms. Methods: This 2-parallel, randomized controlled trial recruited 42 participants with insomnia symptoms randomly allocated to the nurse-led BBTI group or sleep hygiene group. The outcome measurements included the Insomnia Severity Index, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Brief Fatigue Inventory, RAND-36 Health Status Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. The measurement time points included baseline, the end of each week of the intervention period, and 1-month follow-up. Results: Compared with the sleep hygiene group, participants in the BBTI group had significantly improved insomnia severity, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and the mental components of quality of life after completing nurse-led BBTI immediately and 1 month later ( P < .05). In addition, 52.4% and 71.4% of the participants achieved remission after completing nurse-led BBTI immediately and 1 month later, which was significantly higher than in the sleep hygiene group (14.3%, P = .02; 14.3%, P < .001, respectively). Conclusions: We suggested the relative effects of BBTI on declined insomnia severity and improved sleep status among young and middle-aged Asian adults with insomnia symptoms and confirmed the benefits of nurse-led BBTI in alleviating insomnia. Nurses should incorporate BBTI into insomnia care further to enhance the daytime function and quality of life of the population with insomnia symptoms. Clinical Trial Registration: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Effects of Nurse-led Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05310136 ; Identifier: NCT05310136. Citation: Chang K-M, Lin C-J, Jan Y-W, et al. Effects of nurse-led brief behavioral treatment for insomnia in adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(11):1763–1772.

Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In spite of this, uptake of evidence-based clinical interventions for ASCVD risk reduction in the HIV clinic setting is sub-optimal. EXTRA-CVD is a 12-month randomized clinical effectiveness trial that will assess the efficacy of a multi-component nurse-led intervention in reducing ASCVD risk among PLHIV. Three hundred high ASCVD risk PLHIV across three sites will be randomized 1:1 to usual care with generic prevention education or the study intervention. The study intervention will consist of four evidence-based components: (1) nurse-led care coordination, (2) nurse-managed medication protocols and adherence support (3) home BP monitoring, and (4) electronic health records support tools. The primary outcome will be change in systolic blood pressure and secondary outcome will be change in non-HDL cholesterol over the course of the intervention. Tertiary outcomes will include change in the proportion of participants in the following extended cascade categories: (1) appropriately diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia (2) appropriately managed; (3) at treatment goal (systolic blood pressure <130 mm Hg and non-HDL cholesterol < National Lipid Association targets). The EXTRA-CVD trial will provide evidence appraising the potential impact of nurse-led interventions in reducing ASCVD risk among PLHIV, an essential extension of the HIV care continuum beyond HIV viral suppression.

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the contribution of nursing theories in the conceptual expansion of good practices in the area for the construction of the unified health system (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS). Method: Theoretical production of reflection, based on the neomodern framework of philosophy of science. Results: The knowledge and political, social and epistemological commitments of nursing are discussed, highlighting the relationship of the theories with good practices for the construction and application of knowledge in the area in the context of the Brazilian health care system. Reflection on how middle-range theories can help in solving dichotomies between discipline, theory, practice, producers and consumers of knowledge is made. Conclusion: Original reflections on the contributions of disciplinary and professional knowledge of nursing theories to the creation of SUS are presented, defending a creation through the academy-service partnership, in which the theories start being incorporated into a new concept of nursing practices aligned to neomodern principles of science. RESUMEN Objetivo: Discutir la contribución de las teorías de enfermería a la ampliación conceptual de buenas prácticas del área en la construcción del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Método: Estudio teórico de reflexión, con base en el referencial neomodernista de la filosofía de la ciencia. Resultados: Se discuten el conocimiento y los compromisos políticos, epistemológicos y sociales de la enfermería, destacándose las relaciones entre la teoría y las buenas prácticas en la construcción y aplicación de los conocimientos del área en el ámbito del sistema de salud brasileño. Se reflexiona sobre cómo las teorías de medio alcance pueden contribuir a la resolución de dicotomías entre disciplina, teoría, práctica, productores y consumidores de conocimientos. Conclusión: Se estableció una mirada original a las contribuciones del conocimiento disciplinario y profesional de las teorías de enfermería para la construcción del SUS, defendiendo una construcción por la asociación academia-servicio, en la cual las teorías pasan a incorporarse desde una nueva conceptualización de las buenas prácticas de enfermería con los principios neomodernistas de la ciencia. RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir a contribuição das teorias de enfermagem na ampliação conceitual de boas práticas da área para a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: Produção teórica de reflexão, sustentada no referencial neomodernista da filosofia da ciência. Resultados: Aborda-se o conhecimento e os compromissos políticos, epistemológicos e sociais da enfermagem, destacando as relações das teorias com as boas práticas na construção e aplicação dos conhecimentos da área no âmbito do sistema de saúde brasileiro. Reflete-se como as teorias de médio alcance podem auxiliar na resolução de dicotomias entre disciplina, teoria, prática, produtores e consumidores do conhecimento. Conclusão: Apresentam-se reflexões originais de contribuições do conhecimento disciplinar e profissional das teorias de enfermagem para a construção do SUS, defendendo-se uma construção pela parceria academia-serviço, na qual as teorias passam a ser incorporadas a uma nova conceituação de boas práticas de enfermagem alinhada a princípios neomodernistas da ciência.

INTRODUCTIONRapid HIV testing in high-risk populations can increase the number of persons who learn their HIV status and avoid spending clinic resources to locate persons identified as HIV infected. METHODSWe determined the cost to sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics of point-of-care rapid HIV testing using data from 7 public clinics that participated in a randomized trial of rapid testing with and without brief patient-centered risk reduction counseling in 2010. Costs included counselor and trainer time, supplies, and clinic overhead. We applied national labor rates and test costs. We calculated median clinic start-up costs and mean cost per patient tested, and projected incremental annual costs of implementing universal rapid HIV testing compared with current testing practices. RESULTSCriteria for offering rapid HIV testing and methods for delivering nonrapid test results varied among clinics before the trial. Rapid HIV testing cost an average of US$22/patient without brief risk reduction counseling and US$46/patient with counseling in these 7 clinics. Median start-up costs per clinic were US$1100 and US$16,100 without and with counseling, respectively. Estimated incremental annual costs per clinic of implementing universal rapid HIV testing varied by whether or not brief counseling is conducted and by current clinic testing practices, ranging from a savings of US$19,500 to a cost of US$40,700 without counseling and a cost of US$98,000 to US$153,900 with counseling. CONCLUSIONSUniversal rapid HIV testing in STD clinics with same-day results can be implemented at relatively low cost to STD clinics, if brief risk reduction counseling is not offered.

IntroductionIn children with asthma, daily symptoms and exacerbations have a significant impact on the quality of life of both children and parents. More effective use of asthma medication and, consequently, better asthma control is advocated, since both overtreatment and undertreatment are reported in primary care. Trials in adults suggest that asthma control is better when patients receive a regular medical review. Therefore, protocolled care by the general practitioner may also lead to better asthma control in children. However, such protocolled care by the general practitioner may be time consuming and less feasible. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether protocolled practice nurse-led asthma care for children in primary care provides more effective asthma control than usual care.Methods and analysisThe study will be a cluster-randomised open-label trial with an 18-month follow-up. Practice nurses will be the units of randomisation and children with asthma the units of analysis. It is planned to include 180 children aged 6–12 years. Primary outcome will be average asthma control during the 18-month follow-up measured by the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). Secondary outcomes include C-ACT scores at t=3, t=6, t=12 and t=18 months; the frequency and severity of exacerbations; cost-effectiveness; quality of life; satisfaction with delivered care; forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow at 75% and the association of high symptoms scores at baseline and baseline characteristics. Besides, we will conduct identical measurements in a non-randomised sample of children.Ethics and disseminationThis will be the first trial to evaluate the effectiveness of protocolled practice nurse-led care for children with asthma in primary care. The results may lead to improvements in asthma care for children and can be directly implemented in revisions of asthma guidelines.The study protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam.Trial registrationNTR6847.

Background Internationally, emergency departments are struggling with crowding and its associated morbidity, mortality, and decreased patient and health-care worker satisfaction. The objective was to evaluate the addition of a MDRNSTAT (Physician (MD)-Nurse (RN) Supplementary Team At Triage) on emergency department patient flow and quality of care. Methods Pragmatic cluster randomized trial. From 131 weekday shifts (8:00–14:30) during a 26-week period, we randomized 65 days (3173 visits) to the intervention cluster with a MDRNSTAT presence, and 66 days (3163 visits) to the nurse-only triage control cluster. The primary outcome was emergency department length-of-stay (EDLOS) for patients managed and discharged only by the emergency department. Secondary outcomes included EDLOS for patients initially seen by the emergency department, and subsequently consulted and admitted, patients reaching government-mandated thresholds, time to initial physician assessment, left-without being seen rate, time to investigation, and measurement of harm. Results The intervention’s median EDLOS for discharged, non-consulted, high acuity patients was 4:05 [95 th% CI: 3:58 to 4:15] versus 4:29 [95 th% CI: 4:19–4:38] during comparator shifts. The intervention’s median EDLOS for discharged, non-consulted, low acuity patients was 1:55 [95 th% CI: 1:48 to 2:05] versus 2:08 [95 th% CI: 2:02–2:14]. The intervention’s median physician initial assessment time was 0:55 [95 th% CI: 0:53 to 0:58] versus 1:21 [95 th% CI: 1:18 to 1:25]. The intervention’s left-without-being-seen rate was 1.5% versus 2.2% for the control (p = 0.06). The MDRNSTAT subgroup analysis resulted in significant decreases in median EDLOS for discharged, non-consulted high (4:01 [95 th% CI: 3:43–4:16]) and low acuity patients (1:10 95 th% CI: 0:58–1:19]), as well as physician initial assessment time (0:25 [95 th% CI: 0:23–0:26]). No patients returned to the emergency department after being discharged by the MDRNSTAT at triage. Conclusions The intervention reduced delays and left-without-being-seen rate without increased return visits or jeopardizing urgent care of severely ill patients. Trial registration number NCT00991471 ClinicalTrials.gov

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of regular nursing rounds on patient satisfaction with nursing care. Methods This was a controlled clinical trial in which 100 hospitalized patients in a medical surgical ward were allocated to control and experimental groups through convenience sampling. The experimental group received regular nursing rounds every 1-2 hours. Routine care was performed for the control group. Patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care was assessed on the second and fifth days of hospitalization in both groups using Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire. Results On the second day, patient satisfaction scores of the two groups had no significant difference (p = .499). However, the intervention was associated with statistically significant increased patient satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < .001). Conclusion Implementing regular nursing rounds had a positive impact on patient satisfaction. This method may hence improve patient-nurse interactions and promote the quality of nursing care and patient satisfaction.

We describe rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria among patients in dedicated coronavirus disease care units in a hospital in Maryland, USA, during May-June 2020. Critical illness, high antibiotic use, double occupancy of single rooms, and modified infection prevention practices were key contributing factors. Surveillance culturing aided in outbreak recognition and control.