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BackgroundDifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Treatment with surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI), and TSH suppression is effective in most patients. Five to 15% of patients become RAI refractory and need alternative therapy; however, treatment options are limited. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, originally developed for prostate cancer, is also applicable to other malignancies, including thyroid carcinoma. The uptake of PSMA in thyroid carcinoma gives opportunities for imaging and therapy of RAI-refractory DTC. The aim of this study was to analyze imaging on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and evaluate the response to 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in patients with RAI-refractory DTC.Materials and methodsFive patients with RAI-refractory DTC underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to determine their eligibility for 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CTs were analyzed visually and quantitatively. Response to 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy was evaluated using imaging and thyroglobulin (Tg) values.ResultsTracer uptake suspicious for distant metastases was depicted in all 68Ga-PSMA PET/CTs. Based on tracer uptake, three patients were eligible for 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy, of whom two were treated. One patient showed disease progression on imaging 1 month later, while her Tg values gradually increased from 18 to 63 μg/L in the months after treatment. Another patient showed partial, temporary response of lung and liver metastases. Her Tg levels initially decreased from 17 to 9 μg/L. However, 7 months after treatment, there was disease progression on imaging and Tg levels had increased to 14 μg/L.Imaging with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT could be compared to 18FDG PET/CT in three patients. Two patients showed additional lesions on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, and one patient showed concordant imaging.Conclusion68Ga-PSMA PET/CT appears to have added value in patients with RAI-refractory DTC, as it is able to detect various types of lesions, some of which were not picked up by 18FDG PET/CT. Furthermore, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT might be used to identify patients eligible for treatment with 177Lu-PSMA-617. One of the two patients who underwent 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy showed a modest, temporary response. To draw conclusions about the effectiveness of this therapy, more research is needed.

The independence of process is very important in the university, students are required to actively read, search, and analyze a problem independently. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preliminary needs of the research on the development of the meta-inquiry learning model in numerical theory, the research method used was descriptive, the results of the study were in the form of an analysis of student characteristics and objectives of the lecture material, a description of the literature needed, and a draft conceptual framework which underlies a study that is considered a supporter in the lecture process.

During the current global COVID-19 pandemic and opioid epidemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a powerful tool for monitoring public health trends by analysis of biomarkers including drugs, chemicals, and pathogens. Wastewater surveillance downstream at wastewater treatment plants provides large-scale population and regional-scale aggregation while upstream surveillance monitors locations at the neighborhood level with more precise geographic analysis. WBE can provide insights into dynamic drug consumption trends as well as environmental and toxicological contaminants. Applications of WBE include monitoring policy changes with cannabinoid legalization, tracking emerging illicit drugs, and early warning systems for potent fentanyl analogues along with the resurging wave of stimulants (e.g., methamphetamine, cocaine). Beyond drug consumption, WBE can also be used to monitor pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, including antidepressants and antipsychotics. In this manuscript, we describe the basic tenets and techniques of WBE, review its current application among drugs of abuse, and propose methods to scale and develop both monitoring and early warning systems with respect to measurement of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals. We propose new frontiers in toxicological research with wastewater surveillance including assessment of medication assisted treatment of opioid use disorder (e.g., buprenorphine, methadone) in the context of other social burdens like COVID-19 disease.

BackgroundRadiolabeled-antibodies usually display non-specific liver accumulation that may impair image analysis and antibody biodistribution. Here, we investigated whether Fc silencing influenced antibody biodistribution. We compared recombinant 89Zr-labeled antibodies (human IgG1 against different targets) with wild-type Fc and with mutated Fc (LALAPG triple mutation to prevent binding to Fc gamma receptors; FcγR). After antibody injection in mice harboring xenografts of different tumor cell lines or of immortalized human myoblasts, we analyzed antibody biodistribution by PET-CT and conventional biodistribution analysis.ResultsAccumulation in liver was strongly reduced and tumor-specific targeting was increased for the antibodies with mutated Fc compared with wild-type Fc.ConclusionAntibodies with reduced binding to FcγR display lower liver accumulation and better tumor-to-liver ratios. These findings need to be taken into account to improve antibody-based theragnostic approaches.

Digital phenotyping is a process that allows researchers to leverage smartphone and wearable data to explore how technology use relates to behavioral health outcomes. In this Research Concepts article, we provide background on prior research that has employed digital phenotyping; the fundamentals of how digital phenotyping works, using examples from participant data; the application of digital phenotyping in the context of substance use and its syndemics; and the ethical, legal and social implications of digital phenotyping. We discuss applications for digital phenotyping in medical toxicology, as well as potential uses for digital phenotyping in future research. We also highlight the importance of obtaining ground truth annotation in order to identify and establish digital phenotypes of key behaviors of interest. Finally, there are many potential roles for medical toxicologists to leverage digital phenotyping both in research and in the future as a clinical tool to better understand the contextual features associated with drug poisoning and overdose. This article demonstrates how medical toxicologists and researchers can progress through phases of a research trajectory using digital phenotyping to better understand behavior and its association with smartphone usage.

The major objective of this research is to test if two types of information overload are different: Information overload from searching for the information someone needs to search, and information overload from following all the information someone needs to follow. These two types of information overload may be labelled information search overload and information follow overload, corresponding to the concepts of information search and information follow. Using the data of a survey from a sample of about 1600 respondents across 50 states in the United States, the research identified 2 items corresponding to information search overload and information follow overload, and ran analyses including correlation and logistic regression with the 2 items separately as the dependent variables, and with some other items about consumers’ activities involving information as independent variables. Results of the various analyses suggest that information search overload and information follow overload are different, especially in terms of how they associate with different variables of consumer activities involving information, therefore indicate as a preliminary research that we may separate the two types of information overload in our future research.

Objective Our primary objective was to determine the frequency and type of substance use in youth presenting to our pediatric ED (PED). Our secondary objective was to identify characteristics associated with higher-risk substance use. Methods We conducted a tablet-based, anonymous, self-administered screening for substance use using a modified version of the Screening to Brief Intervention (S2BI) tool among a convenience sample of 383 patients 12–21 years presenting to an urban, academic PED from February to July 2023. Patients’ attitudes toward ED screening and interventions for substance use also were collected. The frequency and type of substance use was analyzed by age group. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with higher-risk use (monthly or more substance use) and lower-risk use (past year use), as compared to no past year use. Results Among 14-17-year-olds ( n  = 144), 38% reported substance use in the past year; 25% had higher-risk use. Among 18–21-year-olds ( n  = 172), 67% reported substance use in the past year; 48% had higher-risk use. Alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco were most commonly used. Substance use was rare for 12–13-year-olds. Compared to youth 14–17 years, youth 18–21 years were more likely to have either higher-risk use (aOR 3.81, 95% CI (2.24–6.47)) or lower-risk use (aOR 2.74 (1.41–5.35)), rather than no use. Compared to Asian patients, Non-Hispanic White patients (aOR 5.23 (1.07–25.66)) and Hispanic patients (aOR 3.18 (1.06–9.58)) were more likely to have higher-risk use than no use. Most patients reported that it was important for youth to be asked about substance use in the ED and to be offered help for substance use. Conclusion Youth substance use was common in this urban, academic PED, and many patients reported higher-risk use. These findings support future research to determine the best practices for ED substance use screening and ED-based interventions for youth.

Digital health refers to the use of information and communication technologies in medicine (including smartphone apps, wearables, other non-invasive sensors, informatics and telehealth platforms) to prevent illness, deliver treatment, and promote wellness. This rapidly proliferating group of technologies has the potential to reduce harm for people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and facilitate the recovery process; however, development in this space for OUD has been slower compared to that for other medical conditions. Unique issues with OUD management surrounding patient provider relationships, interaction with the healthcare system, autonomy and trust sometimes hinder care approaches, including those in digital health. The trauma informed care framework (TIC), developed for use by organizations to support individuals who have experienced trauma, has particular applicability for digital health interventions in OUD care. This manuscript will serve as a review of TIC principles and how they can be applied to digital health interventions to increase access, equity, and empowerment for people with OUD. We will highlight representative current and pipeline digital technologies for OUD, challenges with these technologies, TIC models for OUD, and the integration of TIC principles into digital technology development to better serve people with OUD. Finally, we will posit strategies to incorporate the aforementioned principles into future research efforts. We ultimately aim to use TIC as a lens through which to develop digital technologies to help individuals with OUD while minimizing harm.

A third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) was developed internationally aiming to respond to new trends in working conditions, theoretical concepts, and international experience. This article aims to present the preliminary validation studies for the Portuguese middle version of COPSOQ III. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study viewing the cross-cultural adaption of COPSOQ III to Portugal, ensuring the contents and face validity and performing field-testing in order to reduce the number of items and to obtain insight into the data structure, through classic test theory and item response theory approaches. The qualitative study encompassed 29 participants and the quantitative one 659 participants from municipalities and healthcare settings. Content analysis suggested that minor re-wording could improve the face validity of items, while a reduced version, with 85 items, shows psychometric stability, achieving good internal consistency in all subscales. The COPSOQ III Portuguese middle version proved to be a valid preliminary version for future validation studies with various populations, able to be used in correlational studies with other dimensions.

The following essay examines articles and textbooks that define or operationalize pilot studies in order to detail a set of tools that are situated in the pilot study repertoire. This leads to a distinction between theoretical and methodological purposes, and ultimately suggests that the processes should be used in tandem for the creation of high-quality research. I propose a processual model of preliminary research in which cycles of pilot testing can help to develop theoretically and methodologically sound research. The intent is to consolidate the knowledge from a multitude of sources in order to propose a fleshed out understanding of preliminary work for the benefit of the practitioners and mentors of researchers in sociology.